西北地区冬季肉牛养殖环境控制及管理措施研究

为了改善西北地区冬季肉牛养殖的环境、福利状况,提高肉牛生产水平,试验将环境控制(控制牛舍通风、铺加垫料、增加清粪次数)和管理措施(饮用温水)应用于实际生产,并通过检测牛舍环境、牛体清洁度、日增重等指标来评价改进措施的综合应用效果。结果表明:控制牛舍通风、铺加垫料、增加清粪次数能显著提高牛舍内最低气温和地面温度,对牛舍内日平均气温没有显著影响;降低舍内风速的同时增加了湿度、二氧化碳和氨气浓度,但总的来说在一定程度上改善了牛舍内的环境状况;对牛体清洁度、日增重没有显著影响。说明给牛饮10℃的温水能显著提高肉牛日增重,值得推广。

Study on the environmental control and management measures for the beef industry in the northwest of China during winter

To improve the environment and welfare for breeding beef cattle in the northwest of China in winter,raising the levels of beef production,the environmental control techniques were used in actual production,including controlling ventilation through straw floor for barn,increasing the frequency of cleaning dung,adding padding.The management technique including supplying warm water to beef cattle was also used on the cowshed environment,cleanliness and daily live-weight gain of cattle during winter.The results showed that these techniques had no significant effect on the daily average air temperature in the cowshed and cattle cleanliness,but they could significantly improve the minimum air temperature and the floor surface temperature.Within the standard limits,the relative humidity,Carbon dioxide concentration and ammonia concentration were increased while the wind velocity was decreased after using the techniques.Supplying warm water at the temperature of 10 ℃ to beef cattle can effectively contribute to the daily live-weight gain,which is worthy to be popularized in the future.