川榛柱头可授性及花粉管生长特性的研究

以川榛为实验材料,以平榛和平欧杂种榛为对照,采用荧光显微法观察不同环境条件、不同授粉方式、不同花序形态、不同授粉时间柱头上花粉的附着数量、花粉萌发率和花粉管的生长特性,以期确定川榛最佳可授期和授粉方式,掌握花粉萌发所需的适宜温湿度。结果表明:川榛不同花期柱头可授性大小为:盛花期末花期露红期;川榛疏散状花序的可授性优于直簇状,平刷授粉效率优于点授;在加双层湿滤纸的培养皿高湿度条件下,花粉管萌发和生长速度先于温室和田间条件,说明湿润温和的环境更利于川榛花粉的附着、萌发和花粉管的生长;环境温湿度和种质对花粉管萌发具有重要影响,花粉管的生长速度受环境温湿度的影响较大,与种质无关。

Stigma Receptivity and Characteristics of Pollen Tube Growth of Corylus kweichowensis

This study is to determine the optimum receptive period of the stigma, the feasible pollination method, the suitable pollination environment for the cross breeding of Corylus. Taking C. kweichowensis as experiment material, C. heterophylla and C. heterophylla × C. avellana as control groups, the female inflorescences were pollinated with mixed pollen of C. kweichowensis, C. heterophylla and C. heterophylla × C. avellana at different blooming periods, using different pollination methods and under different environments. The pollinated female inflorescences were excised at different time, the pollen adhesion number, germination rate and the pollen tube were observed by fluorescent microscopy. The results showed that the descending order of the stigma receptivity of C. kweichowensis in different blooming periods was florescence period > terminal florescence period > red dot period. The stigma receptivity of loose inflorescences was higher than that of the straight cluster inflorescences. The method of parallel brush pollination was more efficient than the method of point pollination. When the pollinated inflorescences were incubated in a petri dish with double-layer wet filter paper, both the germination and growth speeds of pollen tubes were faster than that in the greenhouse and the field, indicating that humid and mild environment was more suitable for the adhesion and germination of the pollen, as well as the pollen tube growth of C. kweichowensis. The temperature and humidity and the germplasm of the pollinated inflorescences had important effects on the germination of the pollen. The speed of pollen tube growth was strongly influenced by environmental temperature and humidity, but had nothing to do with germplasm.