河南省小麦新品种(系)籽粒硬度等位变异检测

为了解河南省最新培育的小麦品种(系)的籽粒硬度概况和Puroindoline等位变异类型及其分布,以参加河南省小麦预试及区域试验的145份小麦新品种(系)为材料,采用单籽粒谷物特性测定仪(SKCS)、分子标记技术、限制性内切酶技术以及DNA测序技术,对其SKCS硬度表型及Puroindo1ine的不同等位变异类型进行了测试和鉴定。结果表明,参试材料中硬质麦比例较高,为64.1%,而混合型和软质麦比例较低,分别为18.9%和20.0%,SKCS硬度指数范围较宽,为13.0～75.9。在硬质麦的Puroindo1ine基因型检测中,共检测到Pina-D1b、Pinb-D1b和Pinb-D1p3种类型,其中Pinb-D1b所占比例最高,占87.1%,而Pina-D1b和Pinb-D1p则分别为4.3%和8.6%。不同Puroindoline基因型的籽粒硬度也存在差异,其中Pina-D1b突变型的硬度值最高,为72.3,Pinb-D1a(野生型)最低,为62.3,并且Pina-D1b与Pinb-D1b2种硬质类型的籽粒硬度呈显著性差异,而Pina-D1b与Pinb-D1p的籽粒硬度无显著性差异。

Allelic Variation of Grain Hardness in New Varieties(Lines) of Bread Wheat in Henan Province

In order to know the situation of kernel hardness and the allelic distribution of Puroindoline genes in new wheat varieties or lines of Henan province,a total of 145 wheat varieties or advanced lines recently participating in Henan Wheat Pre-test and Regional Test were used to identify the phenotypes of grain texture and the genotypes of Puroindoline genes by means of the technologies of Single Kernel Characterization System(SKCS),molecular marker,restriction enzyme and DNA sequencing.The results showed that the hard wheat was predominant,with a percentage of 64.1%,while the mixed wheat and soft wheat accounted for 18.9% and 20.0%,respectively.Based on SKCS test,the grain hardness index of wheats ranged widely from 13.0 to 75.9.Three Puroindoline alleles of Pina-D1b,Pinb-D1b and Pinb-D1p were detected in hard wheats,of which Pinb-D1b was the most prevalent,with a percentage of 87.1%,while Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1p was only 4.3% and 8.6%,respectively.The kernel hardness was different in different Puroindoline genotypes.The kernel hardness index of mutant Pina-D1b was the highest and that of Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a was the lowest in all genotypes.There were significant difference in the kernel hardness index between genotypes of Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1b,but the difference was not significant between Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1p.