玉米子粒耐破碎性及其评价与测试方法

玉米子粒破碎及其耐破碎性受多种因素影响,收获时子粒含水率偏高是导致当前玉米子粒破碎率偏高的根本原因。不同品种由于形态、结构和化学组分等的不同及其生长发育所处的环境、栽培措施、烘干存储条件等不同,呈现不同的破碎敏感性,不同品种子粒在相同含水率条件下表现出明显的破碎率差异。子粒耐破碎性目前多采用子粒破碎敏感性和子粒硬度等指标来评价与测定。综述玉米子粒耐破碎性的主要影响因素,子粒破碎敏感度和硬度的定义与测定方法,提出今后重点研究方向,为选育耐破碎品种和制定机械粒收降低破碎率的措施提供参考。

Evaluation and Determination of Maize Kernel Breakage Tolerance

High grain breakage rate is the main quality problem existing in maize grain mechanical harvesting in maize production areas in China, which seriously restricts the popularization of grain mechanical harvesting technology. Grain breakage has become an important bottleneck in the development of industrial technology. According to the research of literature at home and abroad and the analysis of our team''s research work, it is concluded that the breakage is affected by many factors, and the high moisture content of corn at harvest is the root cause of the high breakage rate of maize. Because of the difference of morphology, structure and chemical composition, the environment of growth and development, cultivation measures, drying and storage conditions, different varieties showed different breakage susceptibility. Under the same moisture content, the kernel breakage rate will show obvious difference. At present, grain breakage tolerance is evaluated and measured by the indexes of grain breakage susceptibility and grain hardness. In this paper, the definition and determination of corn kernel breakage susceptibility, kernel hardness, and the possible factors affecting grain breakage susceptibility and hardness were summarized, which provide support for breeding and formulating mechanical harvest with low breakage rate of maize.