氮肥运筹对郑单1002和郑单958冠层特征和产量的影响

以郑单1002和郑单958为材料,0(N0)、150(N1)、300(N2)kg/hm2氮肥水平,常规尿素和一次性基施掺混控释肥两种氮肥类型,研究不同氮肥运筹对夏玉米冠层特征、干物质积累与分配和产量的影响。结果表明,增加施氮量,两个品种穗位层和近地表叶面积指数(LAI)比N0处理增加25.7%~52.5%,开花期和成熟期干物质积累、千粒重、穗粒数、穗长和产量显著增加,农学利用效率降低22.0%~40.0%。与常规尿素相比,掺混控释肥增加玉米生长后期穗位层和近地表的透光率和成熟期干物质积累,提高了千粒重、穗粒数、产量和氮肥农学效率,降低子粒含水率。在相同施肥条件下,与郑单958相比,郑单1002的LAI和穗粒数分别提高7.5%~14.8%和2.3%~11.5%,千粒重降低1.4%~6.2%,产量提高0.8%~6.2%。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Canopy Characteristic and Yield of Zhengdan1002 and Zhengdan958

Aiming to investigating for reasonable fertilizer management of Zhengdan1002 on Huang-Huai-Hai region, the impact of different fertilizer application level(0, 150 and 300 kg/ha) and fertilizer type(urea and mixed controlled-release fertilizer) on maize canopy characteristic were studied, dry matter accumulation and partitioning ratio and yield. The results showed that leaf area index on spike layer and near-surface layer were increased 25.7%-52.5%, dry matter accumulation on anthesis and maturity, thousand kernel weight, kernels per spike, spike length and yield were elevated, but agronomic efficiency of applied N was declined by 22.0%-40.0% when nitrogen fertilizer application level was increased. Compared to urea, applying mixed controlled-release fertilizer increased the transmission coefficient on spike layer and near-surface layer, thousand kernel weight, kernels per spike, yield and agronomic efficiency of applied N, but decreased the kernel water content. Compared to Zhengdan958, Zhengdan1002''s leaf area index, kernels per spike and yield were higher by 7.5%-14.8%, 2.3%-11.5% and 0.8%-6.2%, respectively, thousand kernel weight was lower by 1.4%-6.2%, when nitrogen fertilizer were equivalent.