中美几个爆裂玉米品种产品品质的比较

以市场上销售的美国爆裂玉米和有代表性的国产爆裂玉米产品为试材,对与品质相关的各项指标进行对比研究。结果表明,美国爆裂玉米样品的颜色和光泽度相对较差,穗尖霉变粒、破损粒、磨损粒及胚乳裂纹粒均高于国产样品。颗粒大小因品牌和单品不同而异,美国样品百粒重16.5~22.9 g,其中,美国JOMBO-2最大。国产样品佳球100-2百粒重为23.0 g,其他样品处于中上等水平;美国样品爆花率80.8%~96.4%,国产样品94.3%~97.2%;美国样品膨爆倍数22.5~40倍,其中,典型蝶形花产品最高,国产样品28.2~33.2倍;美国样品小花率、死粒率均高于国产样品。果皮和尖冠含量最高的比国产样品分别高20.8%和35.8%,美国样品果皮+尖冠含量最高的比国产样品高18.3%,最低的与国产样品相当;中美爆裂玉米爆花所需时间和温度没有明显差异。国产佳球100-2和美国JOMBO-2两个中美最具代表性产品对比,佳球100-2在颗粒大小、爆花率、膨爆倍数、球形率、单个玉米花体积等方面均优于美国JOMBO-2。

Comparison of Popcorn Quality Produced in China and USA

The quality-related indicators of typical popcorns both imported from USA and produced in China products were compared and studied. The results showed that the color and glossiness of all USA popcorn samples were relatively poorer than that of domestic samples, while the number of mildewed at kernel tip, damaged, worn and endosperm crack kernels in USA popcorns were all more than those in domestic samples. Grain size varies among different brands both for USA and domestic products, with BF of USA being the biggest. Among all the domestic popcorn samples, Jiaqiu 100-2 had the biggest 100-grain weight of 23.0 g, other samples were above the average. As for popping expansion rate, USA and domestic samples were 22.5 to 40 times and 28.2 to 33.2 times, respectively, with USA sample, Typical-Butterfly popcorn having the highest. In addition, the percentages of small and dead-kernel popcorns from USA samples were higher than those of domestic samples. And the highest values of pericarp and tip-crown contents in USA sample were both higher by 20.8 and 35.8%, respectively, than that in domestic samples. The most representative products in China and the USA were Jiaqiu 100-2 and BF, respectively, but Jiqqiu 100-2 were better than BF in many characteristics, such as kernel size, popped kernel and mushroom-shape rates, popping expansion rate, single kernel volume, etc.