肥料类型及用量对玉米产量形成及氮肥效率的影响

【研究目的】研究了不同施氮量下，普通尿素和包膜复合肥对夏玉米氮肥效率和产量的影响；【方法】采用随机区组设计5个施氮水平，研究不同类型尿素对夏玉米干物质量、籽粒灌浆速率、氮肥效率和产量的影响，讨论氮肥效率与产量的关系；【结果】与普通尿素相比，相同施氮水平下，包膜复合肥处理玉米干物质量和籽粒灌浆速率均显著提高，玉米籽粒产量比普通尿素平均提高6.9%。包膜复合肥处理的氮肥农学利用率（AE）和偏生产力（PFP）比普通尿素平均分别提高6.6%和9.8%。包膜复合肥施用量较高时对产量、AE和PFP的增加效果更显著；【结论】与常规尿素相比，包膜复合肥可显著提高籽粒产量和氮肥效率，其原因是提高了玉米花后干物质积累和籽粒灌浆速率。随着包膜复合肥产量的增加和成本的降低，它在粮食作物生产上应用前景非常广阔。

Effects of Different Type of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Efficiency of Summer Maize

The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of normal urea（NU） and coated compound fertilizer（CCF） on the N efficiency and yield of summer maize under different application rates conditions;Five nitrogen rates were designed to investigate the effects on dry matter accumulation,kernel filling rate,the N efficiency and grain yield in a randomized design,and the relationship with grain yield and the N efficiency;The results showed that,at the same nitrogen level,CCF can significantly increase dry matter accumulation and kernel filling rate with NU.The average grain yield of maize applied with CCF was 6.9 % higher（P 0.05） than that applied with NU.In addition,the average agronomic efficiency of nitrogen（AE） and the partial factor productivity for applied N（PFP） treated with CCF were 6.6% and 9.8% higher than those treated with NU,respectively.The higher level application of CCF could significantly increase grain yield,AE and PFP of summer maize;Compared with the NU,the positive effect on the N efficiency and grain yield of CCF might be caused by the higher dry matter accumulation and kernel filling rate.With the increase of CCF production,its cost will be decreased and its use prospect will be wider in crop production.