0210～2014年陕西省春播玉米新品种试验品种主要指标变化规律

[目的]探求近几年陕西省春播玉米新品种参试品种的主要指标变化规律，为陕西省玉米审定制度改革、玉米区域试验开展和品种审定提供理论依据。[方法]选取2010～2014年间参加陕西省春播玉米新品种试验的每组产量排名前3的品种，依年份为单位选取主要指标并计算其平均值，横向比较5年间参试玉米品种的变化规律。[结果]①参试品种生育期呈现递减趋势，累计减少6．17 d，年均减少1．23d；②株高和穗位高呈现递减趋势，株高累计降低0．420 m，年均降低0．106 m；穗位累计降低0．300 m，年均降低0．076 m；③穗长曲折降低，有维持到18 cm左右的趋势；百粒重总体呈曲折减小趋势，累计减少3．23 g，年均减少0．81 g；穗行数基本在16行左右，行粒数基本在37粒左右。[结论]从主要指标分析可知，近5年来陕西省春播玉米区试的参试品种逐渐向高产、抗倒、耐密和适宜机械化方向发展。

Trendsin Main Ingredients of Varieties in the Sprin g Maize New Variety Trials of Shaanxi Province during 2010-2014

Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical reference for the reform of maize validation, corn regional test and varieties tested in Shanxi Province by exploring trends in the spring maize new variety test during 2010-2014 in Shaanxi Province.[ Method] Selecting top three varieties according to yield to participate in the maize regional trials of Shaanxi Province from 2010 to 2014, the major indicators were selected according to year as the unit and average value was calculated, the variation law of corn varieties during 5 years was compared.[ Result] ①Growth period of the tested varieties appeared a decreased trend, reduced 6.17 days in all, with an average of 1.23 days every year.② Plant height and ear height showed a decreased trend, the plant height was decreased by 0.420 m in all, with an average of 0.106 m every year;the ear height was decreased by 0.300 m in all, with an average of 0.076 m every year.③ Ear length tortuously reduced, it have a trend to about 18cm;hundred grain weight showed a decreased trend, decreased by 3.23 g in all, with an average of 0.81 g every year;rows per ear was about 16, kernel per row was about 37.[Conclusion] The tested varieties of the spring maize regional trials of Shaanxi Province gradually trend to high yield, lodging resistance, high density and appropriate mechanization from the changes of the main components during 5 years.