复垦基质的理化性质及其对地肤生长的影响

[目的]对采矿沉陷区缺乏土壤的资源进行充填复垦的情况下,寻求来源丰富、养分含量高、成本低廉的复垦基质与适种植物。[方法]将粉煤灰与污泥(基质1)、粉煤灰与酒糟(基质2)分别以5∶1的质量比混合,粉煤灰与糠醛渣(基质3)以9∶1的质量比混合制成基质,进行地肤的基质栽培试验。[结果]在基质中镉含量超出二级标准值6~8倍的情况下,地肤中镉含量均未超出饲料卫生标准;经过半年的植物吸收和淋溶后,基质中镉含量降至二级标准值的4~6倍;地肤适合在基质中生长,株高、冠径和生物量均达到了正常土壤中的水平,且营养成分含量丰富,可用于生产优质饲料,也可用于园林绿化。[结论]地肤适宜沉陷地的大面积复垦与推广应用,为改善矿区生态环境提供了新的途径。

The Physicochemical Properties of Reclaiming Matrices and Effects on Growth of Kochia scoparia

Objective] To find proper matrices with rich sources, high contents of nutrients, and low cost for plants under the shortage of soil resources in mining subsidence areas.[Method] Kochia scoparia was planted in three matrices composed of fly ash +sludge (matrix 1), fly ash +lee (matrix 2), and fly ash +furfural residue (matrix 3) respectively, and the growth and utilization of K.scoparia were studied. [Result] When cadmium content in the matrices was 6-8 times higher than the secondary standard, cadmium content in K.scoparia was not higher than the feed hygiene standard.After cadmium in the matrices was absorbed by the plant and leached for six months , cadmium content in the matrices was 4-6 times higher than the secondary standard.K.scoparia grew normally in the matrices, and its plant height, crown di-ameter, and biomass were normal.Moreover, it was rich in nutrients and can be used for production of high-quality fodder and landscaping. [ Conclusion] K.scoparia can be popularized and applied in the reclamation of large areas of subsidence land to provide a new way to improve ecological environment in mining areas.