青贮添加剂对稻草青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响

试验旨在探讨不同添加剂对青贮稻草品质和有氧稳定性的影响。稻草青贮时,分别添加乳酸菌(L)、乳酸菌+糖蜜(LM)、乳酸菌+纤维素酶(LC)和乳酸菌+糖蜜+纤维素酶(LMC),乳酸菌、纤维素酶和糖蜜剂量分别为5×10~5 cfu/g、0.6IU/g、20mg/g,贮存90d后开包检测。综合评定青贮稻草的青贮质量,测定常规营养成分,浸提液的pH值、氨态氮和有机酸的含量并测定稻草的有氧稳定性。试验结果:L组、LM组、LC组和LMC组的总综合评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。LC、LMC组的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),提高了剩余可溶性碳水化合物的含量。与对照组相比,各处理组均提高了乳酸的含量;LC和LMC组显著提高了乳酸的含量(P0.05)。对照组的总有机酸含量显著低于LC和LMC组(P0.05),但是和L、LM组差异不显著(P0.05)。各组的有氧稳定性和有氧损失均无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明:添加乳酸菌,提高了乳酸的含量和综合评分;在乳酸菌的基础上,添加糖蜜或是与纤维素酶的组合,有利于提升发酵品质。

Effect of additives on the quality and aerobic stability of rice straw silage

The effects of different additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of rice straw silage were studied under laboratory conditions.The treatments were no additive (CK);Lactobacillus (L);a mixture of Lactobacillus and cellulose (LC);a mixture of Lactobacillus and molasses (LM);and a mixture of Lactobacillus,cellulose,and molasses (LMC).The Lactobacillus,cellulose,and molasses were applied at the rate of 5 ×105 cfu/g,0.6 IU/g,and 20 mg/g fresh weight,respectively.After 90 days of ensilage,the quality of rice straw silages was assessed and their chemical composition was determined.The pH value,NH3-N,and organic acid contents in fermented juice were determined and the aerobic stability of the silages was evaluated.The comprehensive score was significantly higher for the silages with additives than for the control silage (P＜0.05).Compared with the control silage,the LC and LMC silages showed significantly (P＜0.05) lower acid detergent fiber content,resulting in higher residual water soluble content.Compared with the control silage,the L,LM,LC and LMC silages showed higher lactic acid concentrations,especially the LC and LMC silages (P＜0.05).The total acid content was significantly lower in the control silage than in the LC and LMC silages,but did not differ significantly among the control,L,and LM silages (P＞0.05).The aerobic stability and aerobic deterioration did not differ significantly between the control silage and those with additives (P＞0.05).In conclusion,the results showed that addition of Lactobacillus increased the lactic acid content and comprehensive evaluation score of silage.Addition of molasses and/or cellulose with Lactobacillus improved the quality of rice straw silage.