紫茎泽兰野外微生物堆肥及毒性评价

紫茎泽兰是我国危害最严重的外侵植物,具有动物、植物和微生物毒性,研究紫茎泽兰野外就地堆肥技术,评估腐熟效果,可为有效防除与资源化利用提供科学依据。在野外自然条件下,通过接种恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putita sp.)和热解纤维梭菌(Clostridium thermocellumsp.),同时添加尿素和硫酸钙以及覆盖农用薄膜研究紫茎泽兰生物堆肥效果,并评价紫茎泽兰发酵产物生物毒性。接种菌剂后,堆肥高温期(50.0℃~64.5℃)持续时间达22d,石油醚提取物从3.15g/kg降低至0.37g/kg,80d可充分腐熟紫茎泽兰。腐熟物料的pH、有机质、养分和重金属含量符合NY/525-2011国家标准,腐殖酸含量为8.42%。动物毒性试验表明,浸提液对小鼠体重增长无显著影响,心、肝、肾、肺等组织器官未见病理变化。用生物堆肥浸提液浸种,促进小麦种子发芽率指数、活力指数和苗高,分别比无离子水浸种提高了8.65%、28.79%和23.69%;在添加紫茎泽兰生物堆肥的土壤中,微生物碳氮和脱氢酶活性比不施肥和单施化肥显著提高。生物堆肥可野外就地腐熟紫茎泽兰,降解有毒物质,提供有机肥源,实现紫茎泽兰的经济、有效防除与资源化利用。

Microbial composting and detoxification of Ageratina adenophora

Ageratina adenophora,the most harmful invasive plant in China,is toxic to animals,plants,and microbes.This paper describes work to develop a technique for composting A.adenophora in situ and evaluation of the decomposition effect to provide information on the effective elimination and resource utilization of this harmful plant.This study investigated the composting of Ageratina adenophora using incubation with Pseudomonas putita,Clostridium thermocellum,addition of urea and CaSO4,and covering the stack with plastic film.Biological toxicity was evaluated at the end of bio-composting.The high temperature period (50.0-64.5 ℃) lasted for 22 days and detection of toxin in petroleum ether extracts decreased from 3.15 g/kg to 0.37 g/kg.After 80 days of bio-composting,and A.adenophora plant material was well decomposed.The compost contained 8.42 ％ humic acids.The pH,organic matter and heavy metal concentrations of the compost matched the NY/525-2011 state standard.No effects on growth in wheat were detected following gavage of A.adenophora compost extract (ACE) with a large amount of water.Similarly,no pathologic changes in the main organs (heart,liver,kidney and lungs,mice) were detected either.Wheat seed germination,seedling vigor index and seedling height were increased by 8.65％,28.79％ and 23.69％,respectively compared with control (water soaked) seeds,when seeds were soaked seeds with ACE.In an incubation experiment,addition of biocompost into soil increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,and dehydrogenase activity compared with with untreated soil used as a control or soil which had received a chemical fertilizer treatment.This indicates that ACE promoted microbial growth,reproduction,and activity of soil.In summary,bio-composting successfully decomposed and detoxified A.adenophora herbage,and was able to produce organic fertilizer for agriculture,thereby effectively and economically eliminating and utilizing this invasive plant.