生草配合施用有机肥对省力高效梨园土壤的培肥效应研究

为了推动果园生草在我国的推广应用,研究生草配合施用有机肥土壤管理方式对省力高效现代梨园土壤养分的作用效应,在冀中平原的“雪青”梨园,以常规清耕梨园为对照,研究省力高效梨园生草4年和生草8年的培肥效应,于2014年梨树萌芽期,在80 cm土层内分10 cm一层取样,分别测定不同土层的有机质、大量元素和微量元素含量,比较不同处理土壤营养元素的变化特征。结果表明,生草梨园0~50 cm土层有效养分含量均达到较高水平;与常规梨园相比较,这种管理模式短期(4年)增加了0~10 cm土层碱解氮、速效磷、有效锌含量和0~20 cm土层速效钾、有效铁含量,长期(8年)显著增加了0~10 cm土层有机质和碱解氮含量、0~20 cm有效铁和有效锰含量、0~30 cm速效磷和有效铜含量、0~40 cm有效锌含量和0~50 cm速效钾含量。显著降低了0~30 cm土层pH值,明显提高了河北省石灰性梨园土壤磷、铁、锌的有效性。长期生草配合施用有机肥能够增加上层土壤有效养分含量,生草8年后,0~50 cm土层速效磷、速效钾和有效锌占0~80 cm土层比重分别达到92%、82%和88%,为梨园提供充足营养的同时降低了环境污染的风险,有利于梨园土壤培肥和果园的可持续发展。

Effects of cover cropping and organic fertilizer on soil nutrients in a pear orchard

To promote grass sward management in orchards in China,this paper discusses the effects of planting herbage species combined with the application of organic fertilizer on soil mineral composition in a high producing and efficient pear orchard.The ‘xueqing’ pear orchard with 4-year and 8-year old inter-row herbage ground cover located on the Jizhong Plain,Hebei,was compared with a neighbouring pear orchard using interrow tillage to control vegetation.Stratified sampling was carried out in each 10 cm layer of 0-80 cm soil layers in all pear orchards.Soil organic matter and mineral element content in each soil layer were measured.The results showed that the available nutrient content was highest in the 0-50 cm soil layers after planting herbage.Compared to tillage a herbage regime of 4 years combined with the application of organic fertilizer,soil alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen,available P and Zn content in 0-10 cm layer and the available K and Fe in 0-20 cm layer were clearly higher.Eight years of managed herbage combined with the application of organic fertilizer resulted in significantly improved soil organic matter and alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen content in the 0-10 cm layer,available Mn and Fe in the 0-20 cm layer,available P and Cu in the 0-30 cm layer,available Zn in the 0-40 cm layer and available K in the 0-50 cm layer.However soil pH was reduced.After 8 years of herbage management and application of organic fertilizer the available P,K and Zn in the 0-50 cm soil layer accounted for 92％,82％ and 88％ of the 0-80 cm soil layer,respectively;soil fertility was improved and negative environmental effects such as nutrient losses reduced,improving the overall sustainability of the production system.