藜麦生物学特性及应用

藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)为苋科藜亚科藜属一年生双子叶草本植物,起源于南美洲安第斯山脉,已有5 000多年的栽培历史。藜麦籽实富含蛋白质、氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质及膳食纤维,且低脂、低糖、零胆固醇,利用价值高,是未来最具潜力的作物之一。本文综合国内外相关研究,系统论述了藜麦的资源分布、生物学特性、抗逆生理特性、营养成分及栽培技术等,并阐述了藜麦产品开发应用、国内引种栽培技术的现状及存在的问题。建议开展藜麦种质资源和营养化学成分方面的研究,选育适合不同海拔地区种植的品种,充分挖掘营养价值,使其成为将来国民保健型植源性食物之一。

A review of biological characteristics,applications, and culture of Chenopodium quinoa

Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa),an annual dicotyledonous herb belonging to the family Amaranthaceae,is native to Andes in South America,which has been cultured for 5 000-7 000 years.Because quinoa is rich in protein,amino acids,unsaturated fatty acids,vitamins,minerals,and diet fiber,has low fat and sugar content,and is cholesterol free,it has high utilisation value and will become a crop with great potential in future.This paper summarizes research studies conducted on quinoa in China and overseas,discusses resource distribution,planting environment,biological,and physiological characteristics,and nutritional and anti-nutritional components of quinoa,and elaborates product development,breeding,and planting technology,and some of the associated problems.In conclusion,research on germplasm resources and nutritional-chemical contents of quinoa should be undertaken,breeding of varieties suitable for planting at low altitude areas should be performed,and its nutritional values should be elucidated completely,making it one of the national staple food crops in the future.