旅游活动对草原植被、土壤环境的影响及控制对策

草原旅游是具有民族特色的旅游形式,越来越受到大众的青睐,随着草原旅游业的发展,旅游消费带来的环境问题日益突出。本文以前人的研究为基础,总结和分析了旅游活动对草原植被及土壤的影响。分析表明,旅游活动对草原植被、土壤的影响是客观存在的,由于旅游干扰,植被物种数量、植被覆盖度、丰富指数、均匀度指数、枯落物含量、土壤含水量、土壤养分及土壤微生物数量等降低,而土壤容重、pH值、紧实度等增加,且随着旅游活动干扰强度的增加,草原植被和土壤环境被影响的程度越大。以此为依据提出了建立草原植被资源数据库、现代土壤环境监测系统、植被修复技术、土壤改良技术、增加旅游特色区域等控制措施,以期为草原植被资源的保护和恢复及发展草原旅游提供参考。

Control measures and effect of tourism activities on grassland vegetation and soil environment

Grassland tourism has obtained the good graces of tourists, but grassland environmental problems becoming more and more serious with increasing development of grassland tourism.This review summarizes and analyses the effects of tourism activities on vegetation and soil.The effects of tourism on vegetation and soil were clear.Due to the tourism disturbance, vegetation species number, vegetation coverage, species richness index, evenness index, withered vegetation content, soil water content, soil nutrients, and soil microorganism numbers were all decreased, and soil bulk density, pH, and soil hardness were increased.With increased disturbance intensity the effects on both vegetation and soil were more pronounced.To protect and restore vegetation resources along with development of grassland tourism, we propose some control measures, including establishment of a database of vegetable resources and a modern soil environment monitoring system, use of restoration techniques for vegetation, improvement of soil management, and to increase characteristic region of tourism, were proposed.