Genetic gains for physiological traits associated with yield in soft red winter wheat in the Eastern United States from 1919 to 2009 |
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| Institution: | 1. Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA 23437, United States;2. Dept. of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States;3. Dept. of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States;4. Eastern Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Warsaw, VA 22572, United States;1. Division of Agricultural Physics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;2. Division of Design of Experiment, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;1. College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China;2. College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;3. College of Resources Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;1. ICAR Research complex for Eastern Region, Patna 800014, Bihar, India;2. Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India;3. Department of Life Science,Central University of South Bihar, Patna 800014, Bihar, India;4. Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, U.P., India;5. Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India;6. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;1. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 4 Water Street, Creswick, Victoria 3363, Australia;2. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Private Bag 5, P.O., Wembley, WA 6913, Australia;3. Agriculture Victoria Research, Victoria Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Horsham, Victoria 3401, Australia;4. Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom;5. School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom;1. Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark;2. Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark;3. Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China;4. Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Niels Jensens Vej 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding strategies can benefit from periodic evaluation of genetic gains for physiological and morphological traits, and their contribution to yield progress over time in a particular environment. The objective of this research was to expand the recent work at Virginia Tech on genetic yield improvement in soft red winter (SRW) wheat and determine the magnitude of progress for several physiological traits in 50 SRW wheat cultivars released from 1919 to 2009. Physiological traits evaluated here were extensively reported in the literature to be relevant for future wheat breeding as they directly contributed to yield increase under optimum and suboptimal environmental conditions; these traits include canopy temperature depression (CTD), flag leaf width (W), flag leaf area (LA), flag leaf dry weight (DW), flag leaf specific area (SLA), SPAD (soil plant analysis development) chlorophyll reading, and grain 13C isotope discrimination (Δ). Replicated experiments were performed at Warsaw and Holland, VA, in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 growing seasons. Results showed that three traits consistently changed in magnitude over time and, at the same time, were significantly (p < 0.01) related to yield; they were LA, smaller leaf area-higher yields; DW, lighter leaves-higher yields; and Δ, higher Δ-higher yields. CTD decreased in magnitude and SLA, W, and SPAD chlorophyll reading did not significantly change over time. Our data suggest that further yield increase in the SRW wheat grown in eastern Unites States can be achieved through selection of cultivars with smaller leaves, and with high Δ. |
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| Keywords: | Canopy temperature depression Soft red winter wheat Genetic gain |
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