对源于CIMMYT的优质小麦资源在四川小麦品质育种中利用的评价

应用种子储藏蛋白电泳方法 ,对来源于CIMMYT的 2 0余份优质春小麦进行了醇溶蛋白位点Gli - 1和谷蛋白位点Glu - 1的遗传变异分析。结果表明 ,供试材料中Gli- 1位点存在较大的遗传多样性 ,其中Gli-B1l的频率较低 ,说明 1RS/1BL易位系较少 ,Gli- 1B位点亚基缺位也具有一定的比例 ,可能该位点对小麦品质没有负效应。在Glu - 1位点的等位基因的变异上 ,亚基 2 、17+ 18和 5 + 10所占的比例较高 ,故亚基的综合评分高。因此 ,可以在四川小麦育种中利用这些材料在种子醇溶蛋白组成上的变异 ,以丰富四川小麦的遗传多样性 ,在育种中注重改良1RS/1BL易位系品种的品质 ,同时转入优良的高分子谷蛋白亚基 ,进一步提高四川小麦中优质亚基的频率。另外 ,还对四川小麦育种利用国外优质小麦种质资源的策略进行了讨论

Utilization of CIMMYT Germplasm to Sichuan Wheat Breeding for Quality

About 20 spring wheat germplasm from CIMMYT were analyzed by seed storage protein electrophoresis in order to reveal the genetic variation in Gli-1 and Glu-1 alleles. The large diversity of Gli-1 loci in above wheat lines was observed. The low frequency of Gli-B1l indicates that the 1RS/1BL translocation is quite few in these lines. A considerably high frequency of null allele in Gli-B1 shows that the corresponding loci is not as important as others in contributing to wheat quality. Upon the compositions of Glu-1, the frequency HMW-GS 2 *, 17 18 and 5 10 is relatively high in the above CIMMYT lines, which results in the much higher Glu-1 scores than that in Sichuan wheat. Therefore, the gliadin variation of the germplasm can be utilized to enrich the genetic diversity of that in Sichuan wheat, and the variation infers the concentration to the quality improvement of 1RS/1BL translocation lines in Sichuan wheat breeding. Moreover, the HMW-GS in these germplasms can be introduced to Sichuan wheat to increase the genotype frequency of good glutenin subunits. In addition, the breeding strategies in exploitation of abroad wheat germplasm to Sichuan wheat improvement are also discussed in the paper.