山西高粱品种(系)的花后抗旱性评价

以22份山西历年审定(鉴定、登记)的高粱品种及预登记的高粱品种为参试材料，通过自然干旱(DS)和正常灌溉(NI)两种处理方式，采用大田自然鉴定法，调查农艺性状、品质性状和光合性状3类主要性状指标。结合隶属函数(U)和干旱敏感指数(S)的聚类分析法及热图法对材料进行分类，对抗旱指标进行综合评价。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下，高粱品种除了穗柄伸出长平均增长5.26 cm和单宁含量平均增加0.09%,其余性状指标均出现下降；除净光合速率外，其余性状指标之间均存在一定程度的相关性。利用以上两种方法，筛选出极抗品种3份(S9、S10和S7即晋杂108、晋杂22号和晋杂101),极弱品种1份(S17即晋杂4号)。根据干旱敏感指数计算，主成分分析为9个性状，主成分累计贡献率84.662%,产量和单穗粒重是决定第一主成分的主要性状，贡献率为17.999%。干旱胁迫对高粱品种(系)花后主要性状指标均有显著影响。不同高粱材料间抗旱性差异显著，应用两种抗旱性评价方法，可以较为准确地评价参试高粱品种(系)的抗旱性。产量、单穗粒重、株高和倒二叶叶宽可以作为评价高粱花后抗旱性的主要形态指标。

Evaluation of drought resistance of sorghum varieties (lines) after anthesis in Shanxi Province

Using 22 sorghum varieties that have been approved, identified and registered in Shanxi Province over the years as test materials and adopting the natural field identification method under natural drought (DS) and normal irrigation (NI) treatments, the agronomic traits, quality traits and photosynthetic traits were investigated. The membership function (U) and drought sensitivity index (S) were used for clustering analysis and heat map. The two methods were combined to classify the materials, and the drought resistance indexes were comprehensively evaluated. The results were as follows: under drought stress, except for the average increase of spike handle extend length by 5.26 cm and tannin content by 0.09%, the other trait indexes of sorghum varieties (lines) decreased. Except the net photosynthetic rate, all the other traits were correlated to some extent. Two methods were used to screen out three extremely resistant varieties (S9, S10 and S7, i.e. Jinza 108, Jinza 22 and Jinza 101) and one extremely weak variety (S17, i.e. Jinza 4). According to the drought\|sensitive index, there were 9 traits in the principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate of principal component was 84.662%. Yield and single spike grain weight were the main traits determining the first principal component, and the contribution rate was 17.999%. Drought stress had significant effects on the main character indexes of sorghum cultivars (lines) after anthesis. The drought resistance of different sorghum materials was significantly different. Combining two drought resistance evaluation methods, the results of drought resistance of the tested sorghum varieties (lines) were more accurately. Yield, single spike grain weight, plant height and inverted two\|leaf width are recommended to evaluate sorghum drought resistance after anthesis.