Seasonal changes in the effects of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) on dry matter production and distribution of rice (Oryza sativa L.) |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Lab of Crop Genetics & Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China;1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China;2. College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;3. Jingzhou Agro-meteorological Experimental Station, Jingzhou Meteorological Bureau, Jingzhou 434025, China;1. Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, PO Box 721302, Kharagpur, India;2. Institute for Sustainability and Peace, United Nations University, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan;1. Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China;2. Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China;3. School of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China;4. School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;1. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture on Agro-environment and Climate Change, Agro-environment and Sustainable Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;2. College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China;3. Crop and Soil Science Section, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;4. Institute of Meteorological Sciences of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110166, China;5. Walker Institute for Climate Systems Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, RG6 6AR, United Kingdom;1. Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P.R. China;2. Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China;3. Technology Center of China Tobacco Fujian Industrial Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361021, P.R. China;4. Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing 100088, P.R. China;5. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology, Physiology & Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P.R. China |
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| Abstract: | It is reported that stimulating effect of elevated atmospheric CO2] on photosynthesis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is likely to be reduced during the plant growth period. However, there is little information on seasonal changes in dry matter (DM) production and distribution of rice under elevated atmospheric CO2]. A free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted at Wuxi, Jiangsu, China, in 2001–2003, using Wuxiangging 14, a japonica cultivar. The rice was grown at ambient or elevated (ca. 200 μmol mol−1 above ambient) CO2] and supplied with 25 g N m2, which is the normal N application rate for local farmers. DM accumulation of rice in FACE plots was significantly increased by 40, 30, 22, 26 and 16% on average at tillering, panicle initiation (PI), heading, mid-ripening and grain maturity, respectively. Rice DM production under FACE was significantly enhanced by 41, 27, 15 and 38% on average during the growth periods from transplanting to tillering (Period 1), tillering to PI (Period 2), PI to heading (Period 3) and heading to mid-ripening (Period 4), respectively, but significantly decreased by 25% in the period from mid-ripening to grain maturity (Period 5). In general, seasonal changes in crop response to FACE in both green leaf area index (GLAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR) followed a similar pattern to that of the DM production. Under FACE the leaves decreased significantly in proportion to the total above-ground DM over the season, the stems showed an opposite trend, while the spikes depended on crop development stage: showing no change at heading, significant increase (+4%) at mid-ripening and significant decrease (−3%) at grain maturity. Grain yield was stimulated by an average of 13% by FACE, due to increased total DM production rather than any changes in partitioning to the grain. We conclude that the gradual acclimation of rice growth to elevated CO2] do not occur inevitably, and it could also be altered by environmental conditions (e.g., cultivation technique). |
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