模拟犁底层条件下春玉米叶片形态发育及衰老表征

通过模拟犁底层和模拟打破犁底层处理进行试验，研究犁底层对春玉米叶片形态发育及衰老表征，明确犁地层对东北春玉米生产易引发早衰的机理。结果表明，模拟犁底层处理的第8片到第11片叶玉米叶片长度以及第13片叶到第20片叶叶片宽度均小于模拟打破犁底层处理，达到极显著水平；从5片叶全展开到小喇叭口期，模拟犁底层处理比模拟打破犁底层处理晚发育9 d；模拟犁底层处理缩短了中部叶片的持绿时间6 d；模拟犁底层处理相对模拟打破犁底层处理降低了开花期绿叶面积及开花后相对绿叶面积，生产上采用农业机械深松打破犁底层可延缓后期叶片衰老进程。

Effect of Simulated Plow Pan on Spring Maize Leaf Morphological Development and Senescence Characterization

In order to explicit the barrier mechanism of existing plow pan in Northeast spring maize production and to make the technical support for the subsoiling cultivation technique, the model test under conditions of simulated plow pan and simulated breaking plow pan was conducted to study the effect of plow pan on senescence of spring maize leaf morphological development and characterization. The result indicated that the existing of plow pan can decrease the length of the 8th to the 11th leaf and reduce the width of the 13th to the 20th leaf significantly. From the 5th leaf appearance to small flare period, plow pan decelerate the rate of leaf development for 9 days compared with simulated breaking plow pan treatment. Simulated plow pan treatment shortened the experience time of leaf stay-green of the central leaves for 6 days compared with the control. The green leaf area at flowering stage and the relative green leaf area of maize after flowering under simulated plow pan treatment were lower than under simulated breaking plow pan treatment significantly. The result provided a theoretical basis that breaking plow pan with agricultural machinery delays aging of spring maize in practice.