微咸水造墒对油葵生长及土壤盐分分布的影响

为了研究微咸水造墒对油葵生长及土壤盐分分布状况的影响，采用盆栽试验与田间小区试验相结合的方式，将底墒水矿化度划分为5个级别，分别为淡水（＜2 g/L）、3、4、5、6 g/L。结果表明：不同矿化度的微咸水造墒对油葵的出苗率及出苗时间有着不同程度的抑制作用；当底墒水矿化度相同时，与盆栽相比较，小区各处理的出苗率较低，出苗时间较长；利用3 g/L的微咸水造墒对油葵的生长非但不会造成抑制，反而还有一定的促进作用，使其株高、叶面积指数、根冠比等参数均大于淡水处理；3 g/L处理盘粒数、百粒重均超过淡水处理，空壳率降低19.7%，增产8.1%，4 、5、6 g/L处理与淡水处理相比分别减产7.0%、14.8%、23.9%；生育期结束时，淡水及各微咸水处理0～20 cm土层土壤平均含盐量均达到底墒水前的初始值附近，无显著的脱盐与积盐现象；20～40 cm及40～120 cm土层土壤均处于不同程度的积盐状态，随着底墒水矿化度的增大，积盐程度逐渐增大，且土层越深积盐量越大。

Effect of saline water for increasing soil water before sowing on helianthus growth and saline distributional characteristics of soil

To study effect of saline water for increasing soil water before sowing on helianthus growth and saline distributional characteristics of soil, the method of coupling pot experiment with field plot experiment had been adopted, and saline water for increasing soil water before sowing had been divided into four levels (3, 4, 5, 6 g/L), fresh water treatment as the contrast. The results show that saline water for increasing soil water before sowing restrain rate of emergence and seeding emergence time to different degrees. When the salinity of irrigation water for increasing soil water before sowing is the same, the rate of emergence of field plot treatment is lower than that of corresponding pot treatment, and seeding emergence time of field plot treatment is longer than that of corresponding pot treatment. The growth of helianthus has not been restrained but stimulated using the saline water which total salinity is 3 g/L. The growth parameters such as plant height, leaf area index and root/shoot ratio are all greater than those of fresh water treatment. Compared with fresh water treatment, the grain number of one disc and hundred-grain weight of 3 g/L treatment are all increased, the rate of unfilled grain decreases by 19.7%, and yield increases by 8.1%. The yields of helianthus which are treated with 4, 5 and 6 g/L saline water decrease by 7.0%, 14.8%, 23.9%, respectively. When growth duration finished, average soil salinity of 0-20 cm soil layer with all treatments is close to initial value without notable desalination or salification phenomena, and 20-40 cm and 40-120 cm soil layer with all treatments are in salification state to different extents, which salification degree increase with the increase of salinity of irrigation water and the deeper soil layer, the higher salt content.