气象辐射站与基准辐射站观测资料的差异评估

选取2013年3个站址相同的气象辐射站和基准辐射站的观测资料,对比分析国产辐射观测仪器与世界先进仪器两类仪器的观测差异,同时对影响观测的气象因子进行分析。结果表明,漠河站和温江站的总辐射、直接辐射、散射辐射与基准辐射站的平均相对差值均在±3%的范围之内,观测质量较好,但反射辐射和净辐射的平均相对差值接近或大于±10%;而焉耆气象辐射站与基准辐射站观测存在一定的系统偏差。气象辐射站与基准辐射站的观测差异具有明显的日变化特征,差值与相对差值表现出相反的日变化特征,分别在日出以后随着太阳辐射的增强而逐渐增大(减小),并在中午时刻达到最大值(最小值),此后,逐渐减小(增大),在夜间达到最小值(最大值);气温、相对湿度和大气能见度对辐射观测质量有明显影响,当出现较高或较低的气温、较高的相对湿度或较低的大气能见度时,气象辐射站和基准辐射站的观测差异均较大。

Comparative Evaluation of Observations from the Meteorological Radiation Station and the Baseline Surface Radiation Station

This paper discusses the differences between the observations of the meteorological radiation station and the base-line surface radiation network (BSRN) using data from 3 pairs of paralleling instruments in 2013. The influences of the mete-orological factors on differences of these two instruments were also analyzed. The results show that, for the station of Mohe and Wenjiang, the relative differences of global, direct and diffuse radiation compared with BSRN are within ±3%, showing a perfect observation quality, but the relative differences of reflective and net radiation are nearly or more than ±10%. Sys-tematic deviations exist at Yanqi station. The differences between the meteorological radiation station and BSRN present an obverse diurnal variation. The relative differences decrease with the sunrise and reach a minimum at noon. And the maximum appears at night. But the diurnal variation of the absolute differences shows an adverse tendency. The air temperature, rela-tive humidity and the atmospheric visibility have significant effects on the radiation measurement. In the condition of high or low air temperature, high humidity or low atmospheric visibility, the differences between the observations of the meteorological radiation station and BSRN are all large.