气象因子对红美人柑橘品质的影响

为探索气象因子对红美人柑橘品质的影响,连续3 a检测红美人柑橘的6个品质指标,并收集整理产地5个主要气象指标数据,采用相关性分析、回归分析,研究果实品质与红美人柑橘不同物候期气象因子的关系。结果表明:红美人柑橘萌芽期降水量与果实蔗糖、总酸含量呈显著正相关;同时期的日照时数与可溶性固形物、总酸含量呈显著负相关,与蔗糖含量呈极显著负相关。生理落果期,平均气温和≥10 ℃活动积温与果实总酸含量呈显著负相关。果实采收期时,当平均气温在18.5~19.5 ℃、≥10 ℃活动积温在565.3~596.7 ℃,较高的环境温度有助于果实糖分累积。果实固酸比与开花期日照时数呈显著正相关,与采收期日照时数呈显著负相关。平均气温日较差是影响红美人果实风味的关键因素,昼夜温差大,果实风味更佳。因此,做好红美人采收期保温保热,适当提高该时期的环境温度和热量,并采用设施栽培技术调整萌芽期和采收期棚内小气候环境,有助于获得更好的果实品质。

Effects of meteorological factors on fruit quality of Hongmeiren citrus

In order to explore the effects of meteorological factors on fruit quality of Hongmeiren citrus, six quality indices of open cultivated citrus were determined for three consecutive years by sampling, and data of five main meteorological indices were collected and organized. This paper analyzed the relationship between meteorological factors in different phenological stages and fruit quality, coupled with relevance and regression analysis. The results showed that sucrose (SUC) and total acid (TA) were both significantly positive correlated (P<0.05) with precipitation amount at the germination stage. Sunshine duration at the germination stage had a significantly negative correlation (P<0.01) with SUC and a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) with total soluble solids (TSS) and TA. Average temperature at the physiological fruit-dropping stage, as well as ≥10 ℃ active accumulated temperature in the same period, had a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) with TA. At the picking stage, when average temperature was 18.5~19.5 ℃, ≥10 ℃ active accumulated temperature was 565.3~596.7 ℃, respectively, a higher ambient temperature would help accumulate the fruit sugar. TSS also showed a significantly positive correlation with sunshine duration at the flowering stage, while a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) with sunshine duration at the picking stage. The average diurnal temperature range was a key factor affecting the flavor of Hongmeiren citrus, which was enhanced when the temperature difference between day and night became larger. To get better fruit quality, it was advised to do good insulation work with increasing the environmental temperature and heat moderately at the picking stage, and use the protected cultivation technology to adjust the microclimate environment at germination and picking stages.