减肥控制病虫害技术在浙江省不同稻区的实践

在浙江省不同水稻种植区域——余姚(平原)、临海(丘陵)、龙泉(山区盆地)和景宁(山区梯田)进行单季稻减肥控制病虫害技术实践。减肥主要包括减少总施氮量、氮肥后移、增施钾肥和优化氮磷钾比例。以浙粳 88、甬优18、甬优1540和中浙优2838为材料,比较减肥和当地习惯施肥对水稻主要病虫害、农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,减肥可以明显减轻水稻主要病虫害的发生,稻飞虱密度、稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率、稻曲病和纹枯病病株率分别平均减轻64.79%、30.57%、14.76%和64.82%。余姚、临海和龙泉3地在平均减施氮肥19.31%和减施磷肥31.80%的情况下,水稻产量平均增加5.88%,氮肥偏生产力比对照分别提高50.26%、28.93%和44.29%。在景宁的山区梯田稻田减肥略有减产,氮肥偏生产力比对照降低2.62%;但当增苗20%时增产16.67%,氮肥偏生产力提高18.05%。试验证明,稻田减肥技术不仅可以减少氮肥施用量和降低主要病虫发生,同时还能增产。减肥控制病虫害技术在浙江省的各个稻区都较适应,值得在全省范围内推广。

Demonstration on rice pests control by fertilizer regulation technique in different geographic rice growing areas of Zhejiang Province

The practice of fertilizer regulation technique (FRT) for rice pests control in single cropping rice season was carried out in different geographic rice growing areas of Zhejiang Province, including paddy fields in Yuyao (plain), Linhai (hill), Longquan (basinin mountain area) and Jingning (terrace), with rice varieties of Zhejing 88, Yongyou 18, Yongyou 1540 and Zhongzheyou 2838 planting, respectively. FRT guideline included reducing nitrogen, applying less nitrogen in early season, increasing potassium and optimizing the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and its effects on rice agronomic characters and yield, and main diseases and insect pests were compared with those using local farmers' traditional fertilization. The results showed that FRT could obviously reduce the occurrence of rice main diseases and insect pests. On average, the planthopper density, leaf folded rate by leaffolder, and rates of rice false smut and sheath blight were decreased by 64.79%,30.57%,14.76% and 64.82%, respectively. In Yuyao, Linhai and Longquan, average rice yields were increased by 5.88%, even though the average nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer input were reduced by 19.31% and 31.80%, respectively. Meanwhile, the partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen (PFPN) were increased by 50.26%, 28.93% and 44.29%, respectively. In the terrace area of Jingning, FRT led to slight yield loss, and the PFPN was decreased by 2.62%. However, when basic seedlings were increased by 20% under FRT, the rice yields were increased by 16.67% and the PFPN was increased by 18.05%. All these results indicated that FRT could not only reduce nitrogen application, reduce the occurrence of major diseases and pests in rice, but also increase production. In conclusion, FRT was applicable in all rice planting areas in Zhejiang Province.