天目山林区景观格局时空变化及驱动因素分析

  目的  研究南方集体林区的景观格局变化特征及驱动因素，可为森林可持续经营提供科学依据。  方法  采用景观类型面积转移矩阵和景观格局指数分析方法，对比研究了浙江天目山自然保护区国有林和周边社区集体林2000、2010和2017年的景观格局变化特征。  结果  生态林是保护区和社区的优势景观。保护区整体呈生态林面积增加，经济林面积减少趋势，而社区生态林面积逐年减少，经济林面积不断增加；保护区的竹林和山核桃Carya cathayensis林向生态林转化，社区呈现生态林向经济林、建筑、道路转化，经济林之间相互转化，经济林和耕地相互转化的特征。保护区的景观格局变化不大，社区景观的破碎度、异质性和均匀性逐年上升，生态林的优势地位逐年下降。政策因素、市场需求变化和道路是导致保护区和社区森林景观格局变化差异的主要驱动因素。  结论  社区景观格局的变化会影响森林的生态和文化功能，可以从政策、旅游业发展和道路建设等方面制定相关措施。图1表8参17

Forests landscape pattern changes and driving forces in Mount Tianmu

  Objective  This research studied the characteristics and driving forces of landscape pattern change in southern collective forest area to provide scientific basis for sustainable forest management.  Method  Landscape pattern change characteristics of state-owned forest in Zhejiang Tianmu Mount nature reserve and collective forest in surrounding community of the reserve in 2000, 2010 and 2017 were compared and studied by using landscape type area transfer matrix and landscape pattern index analysis method.  Result  Ecological forest was the dominant landscape in the reserve and communities. The area of ecological forest increased in the reserve and decreased in the communities, while the area of economic forest changed in an opposite way. The bamboo forest and hickory forest transformed to ecological forest in the reserve, while ecological forest transformed to economic forest, buildings and roads, then mutual transformation between different kinds of economic forest or mutual transformation between economic forest and cultivated land in the communities. The landscape pattern in the reserve changed little, but landscape fragmentation, heterogeneity and uniformity in the communities increased year by year, and the ascendancy of ecological forest had been on the decline. Policy factors, market demand changes and roads were the main driving forces behind the changes of forest landscape patterns.  Conclusion  Changes of landscape patterns in community may affect ecological and cultural functions of forest. Measures, such as policy making, tourism development and road construction can be taken. Ch, 1 fig. 8 tab. 17 ref.]