青稞联合收获机配套秸秆打捆装置设计与试验

针对北方藏区传统青稞收获作业中秸秆收集运输机械化程度低、现有机具行走稳定性差的问题,设计一套青稞联合收获机配套秸秆打捆装置,整机主要由喂入机构、压缩机构和打结器离合装置组成,对样机关键部件进行选型设计,确定了打捆机各装置的配置方式与动力分配。应用ABAQUS软件对整机机架振动特性进行有限元仿真,对比固有频率与外部激励频率变化趋势,改进机架结构并优化其参数,以避免作业时发生共振。通过ADAMS软件得到喂入机构上、侧拨叉工作时的运动轨迹,确定两拨叉结构参数,以避免作业时出现干涉。田间试验结果表明:秸秆成捆率达到98.3%,草捆合格率达到94.7%,草捆抗摔率超过90%,整机作业效率达到0.7 hm²·h^-1,平均草捆截面尺寸达到0.5 m×0.6 m,平均草捆密度达到124 kg·m^-3,各项性能指标均达到设计要求。该研究可为青稞联合收获、秸秆打捆一体化作业机具的设计与研制提供应用实例和技术依据。

Design and test of matching straw baling device for highland barley combine harvester

To solve the problems of low degree of straw collection and transportation in the traditional highland barley harvesting operation in the northern Tibetan area, as well as poor walking stability of existing harvesters, a matching straw baling device was designed for highland barley combine harvester. The whole machine was mainly composed of feeding mechanism, compression mechanism and knotter clutch device. Through the selection design of the key components of the prototype, the configuration mode and power distribution of each devices of baling machine were determined. Finite simulation of the vibration characteristics of the whole frame was realized by applying ABAQUS software. To avoid resonance during working, the structure was improved and parameters of rack were optimized by comparing trends in natural frequencies with external excitation frequencies. The motion trail of upper fork and lateral fork of feeding mechanism was obtained by using ADAMS software, which determined structure parameters of two forks to avoid interference during operation. The field test results showed that the straw strapping rate reached 98.3%. The straw bale pass rate reached 94.7%. The straw bale resistance rate exceeded 90%. The efficiency of the whole machine reached 0.7 hm²·h^-1. The average straw bale cross-section size was 0.5 m×0.6 m, and the average straw bale density reached 124 kg·m^-3. The performance indicators reached the design requirements. This study provided application examples and technical basis for the design and development of integrated work tools for the joint harvesting of highland barley straw and the balling of straw.