辐照花粉诱导西葫芦单倍体

摘　要：利用不同剂量的60Co γ射线辐照西葫芦花粉后授粉，剥取不同发育阶段的胚接种在E20A培养基上进行培养，研究不同基因型、辐照剂量、剂量率对西葫芦单倍体诱导的影响。结果发现：单倍体的产生和植株再生率受基因型、胚发育阶段和辐照剂量的影响明显。281基因型平均单倍体诱导率最高，为1.30 %；点状胚和箭形胚易发育成单倍体苗；辐照剂量80~100 Gy时获得点状胚和箭形胚及胚总数最多，杆状胚的植株再生率和植株成活率最高，分别是83.33 %和35.71 %；适宜的剂量率为45.19 Gy·min^-1。

Studies on Squash(Cucurbita pepo L.)Haploid Plants Induced by Irradiated Pollen

The influences of genotypes,gamma ray doses and dose-rate on the induced haploid embryos obtained by irradiated pollen with different ray doses were studied in squash(Cucurbita pepo L.).Different embryo shapes and development stages were found in seeds extracted from fruits cultured in medium E20A.The results indicated that the rate of plants regeneration and haploid production were strongly influenced by genotypes,embryo stages and gamma ray doses.The highest percentage of haploid production was 1.30 % for genotypes 281.Point and arrow-like embryos were more likely to produce haploid plants.Meantime the percent of point and arrow-like embryos and the numbers of all embryo shapes were the highest when their ray doses were 80-100 Gy.Stick-shape embryo gave the best result,in which the plants regeneration rate and survival percentage were 83.33 % and 35.71 %,respectively.The optimum dose-rate was 45.19 Gy·min^-1.