雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构与分布特点研究

雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构和分布特点与其羽绒性能密切相关。本试验采用组织切片技术和光学显微方法观察成年雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构和分布特点,用最小二乘均数法对胸、腹和背部羽区的毛囊密度、毛囊直径和S/P值的变化进行分析,以及性别因素对毛囊性状的影响进行研究。结果显示,雁鹅羽毛初级毛囊和次级毛囊均属有髓毛囊,二者独立发生发育并独立分布。鹅的次级毛囊显微形态结构与初级毛囊基本相似,但次级毛囊的羽嵴于羽髓周围呈放射状均匀分布,没有凸出的脊柱状较大嵴突存在。成年雌性雁鹅在其胸、腹、背部羽区的初级和次级毛囊密度均显著高于雄性雁鹅(P＜0.05),雁鹅胸、腹部羽区的次级毛囊密度和S/P值均显著高于背部的毛囊密度和S/P值(P＜0.05)。次级毛囊直径因性别差异变化较大,雄鹅胸、背部羽区的次级毛囊直径显著大于雌鹅(P＜0.05);且雄雌鹅腹部次级毛囊直径均显著小于其背部的次级毛囊直径(P＜0.05)。

Characterization of the Morphologic Structure and Distribution of the Feather Follicles in Yan Geese

The morphologic structure and distribution of the feather follicles were closely correlated to downy performance in Yan geese. In the current study, preparation of tissue sectioning and microscopy were used to observe and investigate the morphologic structure and distribution of the feather follicles of adult Yan geese. It was shown that both the primary and the secondary feather follicles were developed from the pulp epithelium, and they morphogenesis and distributed at the feather tracts independently. The morphologic structure of the secondary feather follicles was similar to that of the primaries, and the barb ridges of the secondary follicles developed radially and symmetrically around the follicular pulp, but no any rachidial ridge was found. The follicle densities of the primaries and secondaries at the three different tracts of the thoracal, ventral and dorsal sections in the females increased significantly more than those in the males (P＜0.05). The densities of the secondary follicles and the S/P values at the thoracal and ventral tracts increased significantly more than those at the dorsal sections (P＜0.05). The secondary follicle diameters at the thoracal and the ventral tracts in the males were significantly thicker than those in the females (P＜0.05), and the diameters at the ventral tracts were significantly thinner than those at the dorsal tracts in the males and females (P＜0.05). It provided the data for the breeding of downy-type geese and for the evaluation of downy traits in geese.