施氮对涝渍胁迫下作物生长和产量影响的研究进展

随着气候变化的加剧,涝渍灾害发生的频率和强度不断增加,严重制约着作物的可持续生产。充分挖掘作物自身潜力,提高其对水分胁迫等非生物逆境的抵抗力是适应气候变化的内在要求。随着作物抗逆生理生化机制研究的深入,人们越来越重视施氮在作物抗逆中所发挥的重要作用。为了进一步了解氮肥对涝渍条件下作物生长和产量的调控效应及调控机制,本文总结了涝渍胁迫对作物地上部光合作用、抗氧化酶活性、膜质氧化作用、内源激素含量、根系生长及产量形成的影响及其氮素调控效果,明确了氮肥施用调控作物生长和产量形成的生理机制,指出了氮肥调控涝渍胁迫下作物生长和产量研究中存在的问题,在此基础上笔者指明了未来的一些研究方向,如应用新型氮肥、现代高科技技术、培育氮高效且抗逆的品种等提高作物的抗逆性。

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Crop Growth and Yield Under Waterlogging Stress: A Review

With the aggravation of climate change, the frequency and intensity of waterlogging disasters are increasing, which seriously restrict the sustainable crop production. It is an inherent and urgent demand for fully exploiting the potential of crops and improving their resistance to water stress and adaptability to climate change. With the in-depth study of physiological and biochemical mechanism of crop stress resistance, more attention has been paid to the important role of nitrogen application in stress resistance of crops. To further understand the regulatory effect and mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer on crop growth and yield under waterlogging conditions, the authors summarized the effects of waterlogging stress on photosynthesis of the aboveground part, antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane oxidation, endogenous hormone content, root growth and yield formation of crops, and the nitrogen regulation effects on these aspects, clarified the physiological mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer regulating crop growth and yield formation, and pointed out the problems in the study of nitrogen fertilizer regulating crop growth and yield under waterlogging stress. On this basis, we proposed some future research directions, such as applying new nitrogen fertilizer and modern high-tech technology, and breeding nitrogen efficient and stress resistant varieties to improve crop stress resistance.