不同有机肥对矿区复垦土壤磷素矿化特征研究

【目的】探究不同有机肥对采煤塌陷复垦土壤磷素的矿化特征。【方法】采用室内培养试验,以不施肥处理为空白处理(CK),研究了施用3种有机肥(鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪)对矿区复垦土壤速效磷的动态变化,并综合其矿化过程中的磷酸酶活性及磷转化强度,分析了不同有机肥对矿区复垦土壤磷生物有效性的影响。【结果】①在整个室内恒温培养过程中,各施肥处理的速效磷量均随培养时间延长呈下降趋势,不同培养时期速效磷量大致呈现出:鸡粪>猪粪≥牛粪>化肥>CK。培养结束时(105d),鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪处理较化肥处理显著提高了土壤速效磷量(18.56%~37.09%);鸡粪处理较猪粪和牛粪处理速效磷量显著提高了11.93%~15.62%,而猪粪和牛粪处理间差异不显著;②在整个室内恒温培养过程中,拟二阶动力学模型能较好地反映各施肥处理速效磷释放过程,其次为Elovich模型和幂函数模型,而粒内扩散模型拟合效果较差。③在整个培养时期施有机肥处理的磷酸酶活性显著高于化肥处理,提高幅度为39.14%~120.70%。④培养前期(0~14 d),猪粪处理与化肥处理对土壤有机磷转化强度影响较大,二者间差异不显著,且猪粪处理较牛粪、鸡粪处理能显著提高有机磷转化强度,分别提高了41.51%和86.52%;在培养中后期(42~105d)各施肥处理的有机磷转化强度差异均不显著。【结论】施用有机肥能促进矿区复垦土壤磷素矿化,其中鸡粪较猪粪和牛粪对提高土壤有效磷量作用更为明显。

Study of Phosphorus Mineralization Characteristics in a Mine Reclaimed Soil under Different Organic Fertilizers

【Objective】The objective of this research is to explore the phosphorus mineralization characteristics on reclaimed soil by different organic fertilizers in coal mining subsidence areas.【Method】The laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to study the dynamic changes of soil available phosphorus after applying three kinds of organic fertilizers(chicken manure, pig manure, cattle manure), including no fertilizer treatment as CK and chemical fertilizer treatment as control, while combined the phosphatase activity and phosphorus inversion intensity in phosphorus mineralization process, thereby clarify the effects of different organic fertilizers on phosphorus bioavailability.【Result】①In whole indoor constant temperature incubated process, the content of available phosphorus in each fertilizer treatment presented decreasing trend with incubated time, but the content of available phosphorus in different incubated period varied with different treatments, with a sequence of chicken manure > pig manure ≥ cattle manure > chemical fertilizer > CK. At the end of incubation(105 d), chicken manure treatment, pig manure treatment and cattle manure treatment significantly increased the content of soil available phosphorus(18.56%~37.09%), compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. Compared with pig manure treatment and cattle manure treatment, the content of available phosphorus of chicken manure treatment significantly increased by 11.93%~15.62%, but there was no significant difference between pig manure treatment and cattle manure treatment.②In whole incubated process, the equations of pseudo-second order could better describe the kinetics of the available phosphorus release process in each fertilizer treatment, followed by Elovich equation and power function equation, whereas the parabolic equation had a poor fitting effect. ③In whole incubation, the phosphatase activity of organic fertilizer treatments was significantly higher than that of chemical fertilizer treatment, which increased by 39.14%~120.70%. ④During the earlier stage of incubation(0~14 d), pig manure treatment and chemical fertilizer treatment had lager effects on soil organic phosphorus inversion intensity, but there was no significant difference between pig manure treatment and chemical fertilizer treatment. Compared with chicken manure treatment and cattle manure treatment, soil organic phosphorus inversion intensity of pig manure treatment significantly increased by 41.51% and 86.52% respectively. In the middle and late period of incubation(42~105 d), there was no significant difference among different fertilizer treatments.【Conclusion】The application of organic fertilizers could accelerate the phosphorus mineralization in the reclaimed soil. Among three kinds of organic fertilizer, chicken manure had a better effect on improving the content of soil available phosphorus than that of pig manure and cattle manure.