中国省域耕地生态破坏与农业经济增长的脱钩效应

目的]研究中国省域耕地生态破坏与农业经济增长的脱钩效应，为深入了解耕地生态与农业经济的协调发展状况奠定基础。方法]运用2011—2020年中国31个省份的面板数据，从耕地生态破坏程度入手，采用熵权法、TOPSIS法对各省域耕地生态破坏程度进行评价分析。并在此基础上引入Tapio脱钩模型，深入研究中国省域耕地生态破坏与农业经济增长的脱钩效应。结果]在初期，中国各省域农业经济增长多以牺牲耕地生态健康为代价。不同地区之间的耕地生态破坏与农业经济增长之间变化存在一定的差异。上海、浙江、西藏、重庆、福建等地区耕地生态破坏与农业经济增长发展协调性较高，其中上海一直以来均处于强脱钩理想状态，西藏、重庆、福建、浙江一直处于脱钩状态未出现负脱钩效应。就整体而言，绝大部分省域耕地破坏与农业经济增长的协调性逐渐增强，但部分地区不协调问题较为突出，需要尽快整顿。青海、湖南、新疆5次出现负脱钩状态，云南、河南、甘肃3次出现负脱钩状态。结论]未来需要进一步促进耕地生态与农业经济的协调发展，牢牢守住耕地生态红线，扎实有效推进耕地保护工作。

Decoupling Effect of Ecological Destruction of Cultivated Land and Agricultural Economic Growth in China

Objective] Measures of national key soil and water conservation projects (NKSWCP) were systematically evaluated to provide a basis for improving the quality and efficiency of soil and water loss control in the black soil area of Northeast China, and to promote the high quality development of black soil protection and soil and water conservation. Methods] The NKSWCP implemented in the black soil region of Northeast China before 2019 was taken as the object, and the slope treatment projects in 52 small watersheds and gully treatment projects in eight project areas were investigated, for which 325 slope map spots and 32 gullies were sampled, respectively. Results were analyzed and diagnosed. Results] The preservation of gully treatment measures was significantly better than the preservation of slope treatment measures, and the average preservation rates were 95.00% and 56.51%, respectively. There were obvious category differences and spatial differences in the preservation rate of slope treatment measures, while gully treatment measures were generally well preserved, and the preservation rate of ecological land-saving measures was high. A few measures regarding slope and gully treatments are needed to improve construction quality and to strengthen future management in some areas. Conclusion] In the future, in black soil region of Northeastern China, people should strengthen the optimization and management of traditional measures such as terraces, ridge tillage, and ridge plant belts; develop new ecological land-saving erosion control measures suitable for modern agriculture; and explore the construction of pilot bases for black soil land and water conservation technology. Regular evaluation of the effectiveness of NKSWCP should be conducted, a recommended directory of zoning and classification measures should be put forward, and different types of demonstration samples should be created.