燕麦属种质资源遗传多样性及遗传演化关系ISSR分析

为了研究燕麦属（Avena）物种遗传多样性及遗传演化关系，利用ISSR分子标记对燕麦属16个种共47份种质资源进行分析。结果表明：燕麦属种间存在丰富的遗传多样性，种间遗传相似性系数（GS）在0.5092～0.9544之间，种内平均遗传相似性系数（GS）最高的A. sativa为0.9512，最低的A. lusitanica为0.7119，说明燕麦属物种间存在较大的遗传变异，而物种内的遗传变异会因物种的不同存在差异。聚类结果显示，47份种质资源根据基因组组成聚成4大类群，AC基因组燕麦与ACD基因组燕麦聚成一大类，说明2组亲缘较近；由AB基因组燕麦聚成的第Ⅱ大类和由As和Ad基因组燕麦聚成的第Ⅲ大类在一分枝上，说明As和Ad基因组燕麦与AB基因组燕麦亲缘关系较AC基因组燕麦更近；Cp基因组燕麦单独构成一类群，且与其他燕麦相似数较低，说明该基因组燕麦与其他燕麦亲缘关系较远。所试燕麦种质资源种内的遗传差异性和遗传关系与地理来源密切相关。

Analyses of Genetic Diversities and Evolutions of Avena L. Germplasm Resources by ISSR

The 47 germplasm accessions of 16 Avena species were studied with ISSR analysis in order to explore the genetic diversities and genetic evolutions of different oat germplasm resources. Results revealed that the genetic similarity (GS) coefficients of tested species ranged from 0.5092 to 0.9544. A. sativa had the highest average genetic similarity (GS) (0.9512) and A. lusitanica had the lowest one (0.7119). UPGMA analyses showed that all 47 culture varieties were clustered into four groups according to their ploidy levels. The AC genome tetraploids and the ACD genome hexaploids were clustered into one group, indicating closer genetic relationship. The second group was composed of AB genome tetraploids. The third group was composed of As and Ad genome diploids, indicating the As and Ad genome diploids were more related to the AB genome tetraploids than the AC genome tetraploids. The Cp genome diploids constituted one group alone and had a lower genetic similarity to other oats, indicating distant genetic relationship with other oats. These results indicated that the genetic relationships and diversities of tested oats were closely associated with their ecological distribution.