拔节期高温与涝交互胁迫对水稻生长发育的影响

黄淮地区水稻拔节孕穗期恰逢强高温和降水易发期，稻田易遭受高温和涝害双重胁迫，研究水稻对高温和涝及其交互胁迫的响应，可为探究高温与涝交互胁迫致灾机理及减灾措施提供参考。试验共设拔节期高温胁迫（T1）、高温×轻涝胁迫（T2）、高温×重涝胁迫（T3）、轻涝胁迫（T4）、重涝胁迫（T5）和全生育期浅水勤灌（CK）6个处理，研究了黄淮地区拔节期高温、淹涝及高温与涝胁迫对水稻形态指标和产量的影响。结果表明：1）拔节期高温（T1）、重涝（T5）和高温×轻涝（T2）胁迫会抑制水稻的生长，到成熟期，T1和T5处理水稻株高分别较CK显著降低了5.63和5.96 cm，且高温与涝胁迫较高温（或重涝）对水稻生长的抑制作用减弱；2）高温与涝胁迫促进了水稻叶面积的增加，且高温×重涝（T3）处理促进了水稻地上部干物质积累；3）除轻涝（T4）处理外，其他处理均显著降低水稻产量，其中，T2和T3处理分别较CK显著减产44.16%和22.29%，主要是因为结实率下降。但是，与高温胁迫相比，高温与涝交互能缓解胁迫，可以避免水稻大幅减产。

Effect of interaction of high temperature at jointing stage and waterlogging on growth and development of rice

Abstract: Huanghuai region is characterized by high temperature and plenty of heavy precipitation during the jointing-booting stage of rice, which may result in frequent occurrence of waterlogging and hot damage on rice field. Waterlogging and high temperature may interactively impact on rice growth and yield. This study aimed to investigate the response of rice growth and yield to the interaction of waterlogging and high temperature stress. In order to make a deep understanding on the effects of high temperature and waterlogging stress on rice (Oryza sativa L., Huodao 008) morphological characters and yield at jointing stage, 6 treatments were set up as follows: high temperature stress (T1), high temperature × light waterlogging stress (water depth of 10 cm, T2) , high temperature × heavy waterlogging stress (water depth of 15 cm, T3), light waterlogging stress (T4), heavy waterlogging stress (T5), as well as a regular irrigation with shallow water (water depth of 0-5 cm) except for yellow maturity (CK). After stress treatment, the rice plant height, leaf area, shoot dry matter and yield factors were observed. Logistic equation and Gaussian Function were used to fit curves. The change trend of rice morphological characters and yield factors under interaction of high temperature and waterlogging stress were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Compared with CK, rice plant height under high temperature stress (T1) and heavy waterlogging (T5) treatments was decreased by 5.63 and 5.96 cm at the heading stage, respectively. The interaction stress of high temperature and waterlogging had a weak inhibitory effect on rice growth compared to T1 or T5. 2)With advance of the growth period, rice leaf area showed a decrease trend after a first increase and the leaf area reached the maximum at the late jointing stage. The leaf area under the interaction of high temperature and waterlogging stress (T2, T3) was increased. Dry matter accumulation of the above-ground part of rice under high temperature and heavy waterlogging stress (T3) was increased compared to CK, but it was reduced under only high temperature stress (T1). 3) Except for light waterlogging stress (T4), the rice yield in all stress treatments were significantly reduced. Compared with CK, the rice yield under the interaction of high temperature and light waterlogging stress (T2) and high temperature and heavy waterlogging stress (T3) were significantly decreased by 44.16% and 22.29%, respectively, which was due to the decrease of filled grain rate. Through the analysis of two factors interaction, temperature stress and the interaction stress of water and temperature had significant influence on the yield factors of rice, but the water stress only had significant influence on the spikelet length, the number of effective panicles and the yield. In sum, rice yield were reduced under heavy waterlogging, high temperature and interaction of high temperature and waterlogging stress, but interaction of high temperature and heavy waterlogging stress can effectively weaken rice yield reduction.