生态环境与种植密度对河南省夏玉米产量的影响

以郑单958、郑单528、伟科702和中单909为材料,在河南省北部、东部和南部3个生态区的6个试验点进行玉米产量及适宜密度范围差异研究。结果表明,生态环境对玉米产量及适宜密度的影响大于品种类型。4个玉米品种的产量为伟科702中单909郑单528郑单958,其中,中单909的地点间变异系数最小,产量稳定性较好。4个品种玉米产量在3个生态区的6个试验点间的差异都达到了显著水平,总体表现为豫北豫南豫东。4个品种在豫北试验点的适宜密度差异较大;在豫东和豫南试验点的适宜密度差异较小。3个生态区的6个试验点的土壤速效磷和速效钾、生育期光照和降水量不同是产量及适宜密度差异的主要原因。

Effects of Plant Density and Ecological Environment on the Grain Yield of Summer Maize

To study the effect of ecological environment and plant density on the grain yield of summer maize, a research were conducted at six locations in three ecological areas of Henan province. Two factors split-plot experiment was designed with four maize cultivars in the main plot and five densities in the subplot. Compared with cultivar itself, the environment had more effects on the grain yield and optimal density of maize. The order of grain yield was WK702 > ZD909 > ZD528 > ZD958, and among them, ZD909 had the lowest yield variation coefficient, that is, the yield of ZD909 was more stability than others. The maize grain yields at three ecological areas were significantly different and followed the order of North Henan > South Henan > East Henan. In North Henan, the optimal densities of different hybrids were different significantly, the optimal densities of these four hybrids in South Henan and East Henan were not different significantly. The differences in soil available P, soil available K, sunshine hours and rainfall of three ecological environments were the main factors affecting grain yields.