东北和西北春玉米氮磷钾养分吸收、积累特点比较

通过东北(吉林公主岭,JL-GZL)和西北(新疆伊犁71团,XJ-71)两个生态条件差异明显的大田试验,比较不同生态区春玉米植株养分吸收、积累差异。研究表明,西北试点的春玉米子粒产量、干物质积累量、氮磷钾等养分积累量均高于东北试点,其中,子粒产量、干物质积累量达极显著水平,叶片、茎秆、子粒氮、磷、钾养分积累量均达显著水平。东北春玉米叶片、茎秆氮含量较西北春玉米高,叶片、茎秆磷含量无显著差异,叶片、茎秆钾含量在整个生育期低于西北春玉米。西北春玉米每吸收1 kg氮所产生的子粒、干物质分别较东北春玉米高7.75%、7.11%,每吸收1 kg钾所产生的子粒、干物质分别较东北春玉米低9.12%、9.71%,每吸收1 kg磷所产生的子粒、干物质两个生态区无显著差异。氮磷钾收获指数与养分利用效率的变化趋势相同,西北试点氮收获指数高于东北试点,钾收获指数低于东北试点,磷收获指数无显著差异。

Comparison of the Uptake and Assimilation Characteristics of N, P and K in Spring Maize Between the Northeast and the Northwest Regions of China

There were some differences in the uptake of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of maize at different ecological regions. We conducted experiment at two ecological fields:the Northeast(Gongzhuling in Jilin Province, JL-GZL) and the Northwest(Yili 71 regiment in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, XJ-71), and compared the uptake and accumulation amounts of N, P and K in spring maize. In the Northwest, the contents of grain yield, dry matter, and N, P, K in the maize plants were all higher than those in the Northeast, with the differences of the grain yield and dry matter accumulation contents reached a significant level(0.01). Between the two regions, the accumulation contents of N, P, and K in leaf, stem, and grain reached a significant level(0.05), however their contents were different from each other. During the whole growing period, N content in the Northwest were lower than that in the Northeast, P content in the Northwest was almost the same as that in the Northeast, and K content in the Northwest was higher than that in the Northeast. In addition, in the Northwest, the accumulated grain and dry matter by assimilating 1 kg N were 7.11 and 7.75% higher than those in the Northeast respectively, while those produced by assimilating 1 kg K were 9.12 and 9.71% lower than those in the Northeast respectively, and there was no difference in P assimilating index. The harvest indexes of N, P, and K had the same trends:the N harvest index in the Northwest was higher than that in the Northeast, while, the K harvest index was lower than that in the Northeast, and there was no significant difference in P harvest index.