北京春玉米机械粒收质量影响因素研究及品种筛选

2014～2016年在北京密云区和延庆区开展4个点次7组机械粒收试验。结果表明,破碎率均值为8.81%,高于《玉米收获机械技术条件(GB/T 21962-2008)》中规定子粒破碎率应≤5%的标准;杂质率均值为1.25%,总损失率为1.10%,分别低于≤3%和≤5%的国标标准。延迟10 d收获,供试6个品种玉米子粒含水率均值由25.9%降低到20.9%,下降了5个百分点,玉米收获质量得到显著改善,其中破碎率由5.71%下降到3.68%,降低了2.03个百分点。按双向平均作图法筛选出宁玉524,MC703,真金8号,登海9号和联创808等5个适宜机械粒收候选品种,其子粒含水率平均为23.27%,较对照郑单958低4.71个百分点;平均单产1 4921.7 kg/hm2,较郑单958对照高出14.87%。

Study on the Influencing Factors of Maize Mechanical Grain Harvest Quality and Cultivars Selection in Beijing

4 points and 7 groups of mechanical grain harvest experiments were carried out in Miyun and Yanqing of Beijing from 2014 to 2016. The results showed that, the mean of broken rate was 8.81% higher than the standard of less than 5% in the technical requirements for maize mechanical harvester(GB/T 21962-2008). The average impurity rate was 1.25%, and the total loss rate was 1.10%, which were lower than the the national standards of less than 3% and 5% respectively. As the harvest time was delayed for 10 days the average value of the grain moisture content of 6 cultivars was reduced from 25.9% to 20.9%. The harvest quality of maize was greatly improved with the broken rate decreasing from 5.71% to 3.68%. According to the two-way average mapping method, we selected 5 maize cultivars suitable for mechanical grain harvest, including Ningyu524, MC703, Zhenjin 8, Denghai9 and Lianchuang808. And the average of grain moisture content of these cultivars was 23.27%, 4.71% lower than that of Zhengdan958(27.75%), and the average yield was 14921.7 kg/ha, 14.87% higher than that of Zhengdan958.