改进环割方法对沙糖橘果实大小与产量的影响

针对生产上存在的沙糖橘小果多、中果比例偏低,进而影响果实销售价格与效益等问题,笔者于2017~2018年开展大、中、小果实在树冠分布调查和改进环割对沙糖橘坐果率、果实大小及产量的影响试验。结果表明,丰产树近60%的小果分布在树冠下层;改进环割的5年、7年生树的中果产量比常规环割分别提高了4.5%和5.3%;改进环割的5年、7年生树小果产量比常规环割降低4.5%和6.9%,小果数量降低6.9%和13.4%。改进环割能极显著降低树冠下层平展枝和下垂枝坐果率、结果数量和小果数量,保持中等或较健壮的树势,株产量和中果产量较高,是提高沙糖橘中果比例、增加优质果率的有效环割方法。

Effect of the Improved Ring Cutting Method on the Fruit Size and Yield of Shatangju

Aiming at the problems existing in production,such as small fruit and low proportion of medium fruit,thus affecting the selling price and benefit of fruit.From 2017 to 2018,a survey was carried out on the distribution of large,medium and small fruits in the crown and an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of improved ring cutting on fruit setting rate,fruit size and yield of Shatangju.The results showed that nearly 60%of the small fruits were distributed in the lower canopy.The yield of middle fruit of 5 and 7 year old trees with improved ring cutting was 4.5 and 5.3 percentage points higher than that of conventional ring cutting.The yield of small fruit and the number of small fruit decreased by 4.5 and 6.9 percentage points and 6.9 and 13.4 percentage points respectively.Improved ring cutting could significantly reduce the fruit-setting rate,fruit number and small fruit number of spreading branches and hanging branches in the lower canopy,maintain the tree potential of medium or more robust,and increase the yield of plant and middle fruit.It is an effective ring cutting method to increase the proportion of medium fruit and the rate of high quality fruit.