果梅不同物候期氮、磷、钾含量变化规律及特征

以盆栽的3年生细叶青梅/桃砧为试材，分别测定了不同物候期果梅各器官内氮、磷、钾的含量，结果表明：休眠期，果梅各器官都具有氮、磷、钾贮藏与供应能力；其中粗根贮藏与供应氮的能力最强；其它多年生器官均是贮藏与供应钾的能力最强。冬季花芽的进一步分化要求高浓度的钾、磷和相对低浓度的氮。从休眠期花蕾至新梢旺长期幼果，氮的含量呈上升趋势，而磷、钾的含量则有所下降。新梢旺长期，新梢争夺氮、磷、钾的能力强于幼果，其中新梢对氮、钾的需求量大致相等，而幼果对氮的需求量大于钾。花芽分化期，花芽的进一步分化、叶片功能的维持及各多年生器官的加粗都对三要素中钾素的依赖性更强。果梅体内氮、磷、钾有随生长中心转移而转移的特性。果梅吸收氮、磷的适宜时期为前一年花芽分化期之后至来年新梢旺长期；吸收钾的高峰期为新梢旺长期至花芽分化期。

Characteristics and Pattern of Change in Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Content in Various Organs of a Prunus mume at Its Different Growth Stages

The pattern of change in the concentration of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) in organs of three-year-old trees of Prunus mume/wild peach indicates that the change was dynamically corresponding with the annual growth and development cycling of the tree proper. In winter, N, P, and K were stored in all organs of Prunus mume and were translocated to new organs in the following season. N content and offering in thick roots was higher than the other perennial organs, while P, K content and offering of the front was lower than the latter. K was the nutrient element that played the most important role in the process of differentiation of flower-bud. N remarkably promoted the development of young fruits.The three elements concentration sin new shoots were higher than in young fruits. It is recommended that the supplementary NP fertilizer should be applied in the autumn and spring, and K fertilizer prior to the flower-bud differentiation period.