富营养化水体生物修复研究进展

近年来,大量含有氮、磷元素的营养物质排入河湖加剧了水质下降及水体富营养化进程,影响到水体的生态环境,控制水体富营养化成为当务之急;削减水体氮、磷负荷是消除富营养化、恢复生态系统的关键,在外源性营养物质减少后,对内源性营养物质的控制中,生物措施越来越受到重视。其中生态浮床技术最具经济和技术合理性,国内研究主要包括浮床植物的筛选、浮床的机理、浮床材料及应用等方面;微生物强化技术是利用微生物作为生态系统的分解者,通过脱氮菌、去磷菌、光合细菌、复合光合细菌、有效微生物群(EM)、溶藻菌等去除水体污染,由于传统微生物修复的限制,新型脱氮菌群、反硝化聚磷菌的筛选以及固定化技术、微生物制剂等的应用成为研究的新热点,今后生物修复富营养化水体更加侧重于植物—微生物的联合应用。

Advance in Study on Bioremediation of Eutrophied Wastewater

With the large number of nutrition matter contained nitrogen and phosphorus element matter went into rivers and lakes in recent years,it had aggravated water quality descending and the eutrophication water process,influencing the ecology environment of water body.The control of eutrophication wastewater became the most pressing matter of the moment.It was the key to reduce wastewater nitrogen and phosphorus load on eliminating eutrophication wastewater and recovering the water ecosystem.With the external source nutrition matter reduced,bioremediation was more and more paid attention to control internal source nutritive salt.Among all these ways,ecological floating bed had the most economical and reasonable research including plants screening,mechanism,materials and application aspect etc.The microorganism reinforcement technology relied on microorganism playing a role as the decomposition of ecosystem.It removed pollution from wastewater by ways of nitrogen cycling bacteria,phosphorus removal bacteria,photosynthesis bacteria,EM and algae-lysing bacteria etc.Owing to the restriction of tradition wastewater remediation by microorganism,it became the newly study hotspot that novel denitrogenation microorganism and denitrifying Phosphate-Accumulating Organisms(DNPAOs) were screened as well as immobilized microbe and microorganism preparation were applied.The bioremediation of eutrophied wastewater would lay special emphasis on aquatic plant-microbe integrated system for the future.