有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶生长和土壤养分的影响

设置醋糟有机肥和化肥不同配比的5个处理:100%有机肥、70%有机肥+30%化肥、50%有机肥+50%化肥、30%有机肥+70%化肥以及100%化肥,并以不施肥为对照(CK),研究不同肥料配比对春茶生长、产量、品质及茶园土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,不同施肥处理都有促进春茶产量、品质和土壤养分含量的作用,但处理之间差异较大。增产作用以70%有机肥+30%化肥的处理最显著,比对照平均增产276.91%,30%有机肥+70%化肥的处理次之,50%有机肥+50%化肥的处理居中;茶叶的新梢长、叶面积、芽密度、百芽质量等生长指标,以及茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物等品质指标都以70%有机肥+30%化肥的处理为最高。茶园土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均随有机肥在肥料中所占比例的增加而增加,即以100%有机肥的处理最高,70%有机肥+30%化肥的处理次之,但两者差异不显著。综合分析表明,70%有机肥+30%化肥的配施是值得在茶园推广应用的优化方案。

Effects of Compound Application of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Growth, Quality of Tea Plants and Soil Nutrient

To test the effects of compound application of organic and chemical fertilizers on tea plants, five treatments of compound fertilizer mixed with organic vinegar residue fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were set to study their influence on tea growth, yield and quality, and soil nutrient as well. The treatments were set as organic fertilizer of 100% (100% O), chemical fertilizer of 100% (100% C), 70% O+30% C, 50% O+50% C, 30% O+70% C and no fertilizer as control (CK). The result showed that all the fertilization treatments contributed to tea yield and quality and soil nutrient contents, but the effects varied with different treatments. The treatment of 70% O+30% C was the most significant in yield increase, which was 276.91%, the treatment of 30% O+70% C was the second and the treatment of 50% O+50% C was in the middle; the growth indexes such as the length of new shoot, leaf area, 100 bud weight and bud density, and the quality indexes such as tea polyphenols, amino acid, caffeine and water extract were also the highest when the treatment of 70% O+30% C was applied. The more organic fertilizer was applied, the more alkali-hydro nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased in the soil of tea fields, and the treatment of 100% O ranked the first place and the treatment of 70% O+30% C took the second place, between which there was no significant difference. Comprehensive analysis showed that the treatment of 70% O+30% C was optimal and worthy of application in tea fields.