黄盖湖春夏季鸟类群落结构初步研究

2018年春、夏季,采用样线法对黄盖湖5种生境类型鸟类群落结构进行调查。记录鸟类15目40科119种25816只,雀形目占51.26%,反嘴鹬(Recurvirostra avosetta)、灰翅浮鸥(Chlidonias hybrida)是优势种,主要居留型留鸟50种。3月鸟类最丰富(87种,9084只),4月鸟类最少(60种,2677只),不同月份间鸟类多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数差异不显著。鸟类群落结构生境间变化明显,养殖塘中鸟类最丰富(77种,9716只),明水面最少(15种,1917只),各生境间的鸟类多样性(χ^24=21.561,P=0.000)、均匀度(χ^24=20.168,P=0.000)、优势度指数(χ^24=21.983,P=0.000)均显著差异,明水面生境中鸟类多样性、均匀度指数最小,而优势度指数最大。鸟类群落结构在养殖塘与湖滩生境间相似性最高(0.692),为中等程度相似;明水面与林地生境间相似性最低(0.046),为极不相似。湖泊湿地鸟类保护不仅要优化生境资源的空间配置,还应该重视养殖塘作为退化湖泊湿地重要替代生境的地位,加强养殖塘生境水位管理和降低人为干扰。

Spring and Summer Bird Communities at Huanggai Lake,Yueyang,Hunan,China

We investigated the bird community of five habitat types in Huanggai Lake,Yueyang,Hunan,China by sampling line transects during spring and summer of 2018.We recorded a total of 25816 birds representing 119 species,40 families and 15 orders.Passeriformes accounted for 51.3%,50 species were resident birds,while the pied avocet(Recurvirostra avosetta)and whiskered tern(Chlidonias hybrida)were the dominant species.The species and bird numbers in April(60 species,2677 birds)were least,while those in March(87 species,9084 birds)were at the most.Species diversity,evenness and dominance were similar for these two months.The bird community varied greatly by habitat.Abundance was the greatest at the culture pond(77 species,9716 birds)and least on open water(15 species,1917 birds).Diversity(χ^2 4=21.561,P=0.000),evenness(χ^2 4=20.168,P=0.000)and dominance(χ^2 4=21.983,P=0.000)differed significantly by habitat.Lakeshore and open water had lowest diversity and evenness,but highest dominance.Bird communities were moderately similar between farmland and the culture pond(0.692),and were extremely dissimilar between open water and forest(0.046).The protection of birds in lake wetlands should not only optimize the spatial allocation of habitat resources,but also address the importance of culture ponds as important alternative habitats as well as water level management and reduction of human disturbance in degraded lake-wetlands.