苏北日光温室构型及其结构参数

笔者调查了江苏苏北地区现有日光温室的基本构型和结构参数，调查项目包括日光温室的“五度”、“四比”和“三材”等结构和材料参数，并按前屋面形状、后墙材料、前室立柱以及前屋面拱架材料对日光温室进行分类。结果显示，苏北日光温室可分为三大类19种不同的构型，各构型净跨度、脊高、后墙高度、后墙厚度、前屋面角、后屋面角变化范围分别是7.5～14.0 m、2.2～5.8 m、2.0～5.0 m、40～600 cm、14.0°～28.4°、23.4°～48.0°|墙体材料多为空心砌块和机打夯土，部分为秸秆或无后墙|前屋面拱架材料多为镀锌钢管或竹竿，部分为钢筋混凝土和泡沫混凝土|除SR-14型日光温室保温比大于1之外，其他构型日光温室保温比均小于1。在此基础上分析了苏北日光温室的结构安全性能、采光性能和保温性能，并结合苏北地区地理位置和气候特征，提出了结构安全性能强、采光效果好、保温性能强、室内操作空间大、土地利用率高，分别适用于现代农业园区和农户使用的两种日光温室构型：SRY-1型和SRY-2型。

Structure Configuration and Parameters of Solar Greenhouse in Northern Jiangsu Province

The existing basic configurations and structure parameters of solar greenhouses in northern Jiangsu，including 5 dimensions, 4 ratios and 3 materials were investigated．And these greenhouses were classified according to their shapes of front roof and materials of rear wall，post of front room, and truss of front roof．The result showed that the solar greenhouse in northern Jiangsu could be divided into 3 main categories and 19 different configurations．The variation range of net span，ridge height，height and thickness of rear wall，front roof angle and rear slope angle of each configuration were 7.5-14.0 m，2.2-5.8 m，2.0-5.0 m，40-600 cm，14.0°-28.4°and 23.4°-48.0°，respectively．Most of the wall material was hollow block and rammed earth，and part of them were straw or without back wall．The materials of front roof arch were mostly galvanized steel pipe or bamboo pole，part of them were reinforced concrete and foam concrete．Except for SR-14，its heat preservation ratio is bigger than 1，that of the other solor greenhouses are less than 1．On this basis, the performances of structural safety，daylighting and heat preservation for solar greenhouses in northern Jiangsu were analyzed．Besides，2 configurations of solar greenhouses SRY-1 and SRY-2 were proposed，combining with the geographical and climatical characteristics in northern Jiangsu．They had better performances of structural safety，daylighting and heat preservation，with large indoor space and high land utilization rate，and were applied to modern agricultural zone and farmer households，respectively．