区域间用水结构演变及影响因子

我国区域间水资源量差异较大，而水资源的有效利用是我国经济社会发展的重要战略问题。为准确预测用水结构，基于2004—2018年数据，采用信息熵及主成分分析方法，分别从我国东北部、东部、中部和西部4大经济区中选取吉林、浙江、山东、湖南、四川和新疆6个省（自治区）的用水结构作为研究对象，分析其用水结构的演变过程及影响因子。结果表明:山东的用水结构均衡度呈递增趋势，其用水结构愈来愈趋于合理，而新疆的用水结构均衡度持续偏低，其他4省均无明显变化；用水结构的主要影响因子是经济社会发展、人口增长、节水技术、水资源禀赋及生态环境维护。最后，从产业结构、农业节水、生活用水、环境维护用水多元化等方面为优化用水结构提出建议。 

Evolution of Regional Water Use Structure and Influencing Factors

Water resources vary greatly among different regions in China，and their effective utilization is an important strategic issue for China′s economic and social development.To accurately predict water use structure，based on the data from 2004 to 2018，taking water use structures of Jilin，Zhejiang，Shandong，Hunan，Sichuan and Xinjiang provinces（autonomous regions）from the northeast，east，central and west of four economic regions as research object using information entropy and principal component analysis to analyze evolution process and influencing factors.Results showed that equilibrium degree of water use structure in Shandong was increasing，and its water use structure was becoming more and more reasonable，while equilibrium degree of water use structure in Xinjiang continued to be at a low level，and there were no obvious changes in the other four provinces；main influencing factors of water use structure were economic and social development，population growth，water-saving technology，water resource endowment and ecological environment maintenance.Finally，some suggestions were put forward to optimize water use structure from aspects of optimizing industry structure，improving level of agricultural water-saving technology，saving domestic water and diversifying water for environmental maintenance.