农业机械化有助于化肥投入效率提升吗?——以小麦为例

为了解农业机械化对提升化肥投入效率的影响,以1998—2017年中国小麦生产为例,利用固定效应SFA模型和反事实分析法,考察农业机械化对化肥投入效率的影响及其产生的化肥减量效应。结果表明,机械化对小麦生产化肥投入效率具有显著正向影响。在样本期间,中国小麦生产化肥投入效率总体呈上升态势,均值水平为0.73,其中机械化使化肥投入效率均值水平大约提高了0.03。小麦生产机械化的化肥减量效应平均约为4.31kg/hm2,且地区间存在显著差异,呈现东低西高的空间格局。最后根据研究结论,提出了三点政策建议。

Does agricultural machinery service improve fertilizer input efficiency: Take wheat as an example

To study the impact of mechanization on the efficiency of fertilizer input, China''s wheat production from 1998 to 2017 was taken as study object. The impact of agricultural mechanization on fertilizer input efficiency and the resulting fertilizer reduction effects are empirically analyzed by using panel data fixed-effect SFA models and counterfactual measurement methods. The results show that mechanization has a significant positive impact on the efficiency of fertilizer input for wheat production. During 1998-2017, China''s wheat production and fertilizer input efficiency shows an overall upward trend, with an average level of 0. 73, of which mechanization increased the average fertilizer input efficiency by approximately 0. 03. The average fertilizer reduction effect of wheat production mechanization is about 4. 31 kg/hm², and there are significant differences between regions, showing the spatial pattern of low in the east and high in the west. Based on the analysis conclusions, three policy recommendations are put forward to further promoting the development of agricultural mechanization.