咸阳湖的修建及利弊评析

咸阳湖是渭河咸阳城区段综合治理工程的简称，是在渭河谷地500 m宽的范围中部修筑一条中隔墙，形成北侧宽270 m的泄洪蓄水渠，南侧宽230 m泄洪浑水渠，在中隔墙以北泄洪蓄水渠内修建两道橡胶坝拦水，形成水面1.24×10^6m^2 的“咸阳湖”，同时在本段渭河的两岸建设护坡防洪工程和一系列绿化、人文景观工程。其治水的思路是以防洪安全为核心，以改善人居环境和保护生态环境为主，实施河道防冲、排沙减淤、污水净化和绿化美化的综合治理。它的修建极大地改变了咸阳城市面貌，产生了巨大的生态、经济、社会效益，但同时也产生了湖水补给不足、人类干预原生态的负面影响、地方财政负担加重、对下游防洪形成潜在威胁等问题。笔者认为如何解决城市发展进程中出现的“围水造湖”问题；如何解决局部利益与全局利益的矛盾；如何能够顺应自然走可持续发展之路，是今后的工作方向，具体的改造方案值得进一步研究。

Analysis of the Construction,Advantages and Disadvantages of Xianyang Lake

Xianyang Lake, the abbreviation of the Weihe River Xianyang City Section Comprehensive Treatment Project, was designed as a separating wall at the center of Weihe River Valley with 500 meters breadth, which formed two flood-mitigation storage channels, 270 meters width at the north part and 230 meters width at the south. Then two rubber dams were built in the north channel, between which formed Xianyang Lake with 1.24×10~6 square meters areas. At the same time, protected slope and controlled flood in this section and a series of afforesting and cultural landscape projects were built. The main thoughts of this project were controlling flood, protecting and improving habitat and ecology environment by carrying out these measures, such as dredging waterway, sewage purification and afforested beautification. After the Xianyang River formed, Xianyang City turned more beautiful and brought great ecological, economic and social profits, but synchronously, it also gave birth to some problems, such as insufficient water supply, negative effects to ecology, local financial implication aggravation and forming latent threat to lower reaches flood control. It was thought that the working directions in future were to solve the problem of enclosing water to built lake, solve the contradiction between local benefits and general benefits and achieve the sustainable development. The concrete reconstruction schemes were the important task of the future study.