半干旱区春小麦水分与产量关系及其影响因素分析

水分是影响半干旱雨养作物生长、发育及产量形成最重要的环境因素。以中国西北半干旱区田间试验为基础，收集长期观测资料和文献数据，分析春小麦产量与水分之间的关系及其环境影响因素，揭示不同环境条件下春小麦水分限制特征和调控机制。研究表明：半干旱区常规管理水平下，雨养春小麦产量与水分间的关系相对稳定，然而播前土壤储水影响生育期降水与春小麦产量间的关系，不同播前土壤储水条件下，每增加1 mm降水量，春小麦产量的增加量分别为21.3 kg·hm^-2和16.8 kg·hm^-2。生育期大气干湿条件（潜在蒸发量与降水的差值）对播前土壤储水与春小麦产量间的关系也有影响，其中大气较为干燥时（潜在蒸发量与降水的差值大于425 mm），产量与土壤水分间关系斜率为22.9 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1，大气较为湿润时（潜在蒸发量与降水的差值小于425 mm），斜率为20.1 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1。相较生育期降水，播前土壤储水对春小麦产量更具有决定性作用。半干旱雨养春小麦的气候年型由播前土壤储水和生育期大气干湿条件共同决定。增加播前土壤水分储量、在生育期的特定阶段灌溉均会改变小麦耗水量与产量之间的关系，并最终导致小麦水分利用效率发生变化。大气干湿条件和灌溉条件共同导致中国西北不同地区春小麦边界函数存在差异。

Water\|yield relationship and its impact on yield of spring wheat in semi\|arid area

Water availability is the most important environmental factor influencing the growth, development, and yield formation of semi\|arid rain\|fed crops. This study collected long\|term observation data and literature data to analyze the relationship between spring wheat yield and water availability, as well as the environmental factors affecting it. The study aimed to reveal the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of water limitation in spring wheat under different environmental conditions. The research results showed that under conventional management levels in the semi\|arid region, the relationship between rain\|fed spring wheat yield and water availability was relatively stable. However, pre\|sowing soil water storage affected the relationship between precipitation during the growing season and spring wheat yield. Under different pre\|sowing soil water storage conditions, for each additional 1 mm of precipitation, the increase in spring wheat yield was 21.3 kg·hm^-2 and 16.8 kg·hm^-2, respectively. At the same time, the atmospheric moisture conditions during the growing season (difference between potential evaporation and precipitation) also affected the relationship between pre\|sowing soil water storage and spring wheat yield. When the atmosphere was relatively dry (difference between potential evaporation and precipitation exceeds 425 mm), the slope of the relationship between yield and soil water content was 22.9 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1. When the atmosphere was relatively humid (difference between potential evaporation and precipitation is less than 425 mm), the slope was 20.1 kg·hm^-2·mm^-1. Compared to precipitation during the growing season, pre\|sowing soil water storage played a more decisive role in spring wheat yield. The climatic year type of semi\|arid rain\|fed spring wheat in the region was jointly determined by pre\|sowing soil water storage and atmospheric moisture conditions during the growing season. Increasing pre\|sowing soil water storage and irrigation at specific stages of the growing season could alter the relationship between wheat water consumption and yield, ultimately affecting water use efficiency. Both atmospheric moisture conditions and irrigation conditions contributed to the regional differences in the boundary function of spring wheat in northwest China.