重金属对伊宁县农牧区肉牛生产影响的研究

目的和方法]选用70头1岁新疆褐牛在海拔900～1 800 m的伊宁县铁列克萨依山放牧5个月后至农区育肥3个月出栏.结果]经草场放牧后屠宰的牛肉、肝脏和农区育肥后屠宰的牛肉、肝脏以及农区的土壤、水样、秸秆、混合精料,草场的土壤、牧草中均未检测出重金属铅、铬、镉、汞.除草场放牧后的牛肉和农区水样中未检测出重金属砷外,以上所列其余样品中均检测出重金属砷.其中海拔900～1 490 m的早熟禾Poa sikkimensis (Stapf) Bor]、披碱草(ELymus dahuricus Turcz)和老芒麦(ELymus sibiricus L)3种牧草比海拔1 500～1 800 m的无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis Leyss)和老鹳草(Geranium wilfordii Maxim)两种牧草中砷含量高53.41倍,牧草中砷含量变化差异极显著(P＜0.01);其他样品中砷含量变化差异不显著(P＞0.05).结论]经草场放牧,农区育肥屠宰后的牛肉肝脏中砷含量高于仅在草场放牧后屠宰的8.91倍.

Effects of Heavy Metals on Beef Production in Pasturing and Arable Farming Areas of Yining County,Xinjiang

Objective and Method]The main purpose of the study was to detect the heavy metals of seventy one-year-old Xinjiang brown cattle slaughtered after 5 months of grazing in the Tieliekesayi Mounts with the altitude of 900 m to 1 800 m,after 3 months of fattening in Yining county Xinjiang.Result]In the experiment, plumbum(Pb), cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr), mercury(Hg) were not found in the samples of slaughtered beef, liver after pasturing and farm fattening. These heavy metals also were not found in soil,water samples,straw,mixture concentrates of arable farming area, the same as soil and graze of rangeland.There were not the arsenic(As)contents in above samples, except for the beef after grazing and water samples of arable farming area.The arsenic contents of Poa sikkimensis (Stapf) Bor,ELymus dahuricus Turcz and ELymus sibiricus L. were 53.41 times higher than that of Bromus inermis Leyss and Geranium wilfordii Maxim. The scope of altitude of them were 900 m to 1 450 m,and 1 500 m to 1 800 m.It indicated that there was a significant different of arsenic contents in graze (P＜0.01),and there were no significant differences in other samples(P＞0.05).Conclusion]The arsenic contents of beef liver after grazing and farm fattening were 8.91 times higher than that after pasturing.