小麦抗麦红吸浆虫品种遗传多样性的表型和SSR标记分析

为更深入地揭示小麦抗麦红吸浆虫品种（系）的遗传多样性,从而为进一步选育抗虫品种提供依据,在对田间虫圃1 562份小麦品种（系）损失率鉴定的基础上,取47份年度间鉴定抗性结果较为一致的材料,利用表型和SSR标记,进行遗传多样性分析。这些抗麦红吸浆虫品种农艺性状表现出较大的差异,表型聚类在遗传距离为0.68处将供试材料分为6个类群。19对SSR标记在47份不同抗性品种中检测到104个等位基因,能够将所有品种区分开来,每对引物可以检测到3～8个等位基因,平均5.47个。47个小麦品种间遗传距离为0.40～0.95,平均为0.71。SSR标记聚类分析在遗传距离为0.74处将供试材料分为6大类群。Mental测验结果表明,表型同基因型距离矩阵间存在显著正相关（r=0.76,P〈0.05）。抗虫品种晋麦65号单独聚为一类,同其余品种具有较远的亲缘关系,可作为新的抗源用于抗虫育种,并在吸浆虫发生地块推广种植。

Genetic Diversity of Wheat Midge Resistant Varieties by Phenotype and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Analysis

In order to gain knowledge of genetic diversity of wheat blossom midge on the basis of field insect plot appraisal. 47 wheat varieties/lines were studied by phenotype and 19 SSR markers to explore genetic diversity of wheat midge resistance. Phenotype cluster analysis showed the 47 wheat varieties were divided into six groups. 19 SSR markers were screened and a total of 104 allelic variants were detected in 47 wheat varieties, which ranged from 3 to 8 alleles per marker with an average of 5.47. The mean of alleles of high resistance insect (HR) varieties were 4.11, of resistance insect (R) varieties were 4.68 , of sense insect (S) varieties were 3.95 and of High sense insect (HS) varieties were 3.84 . The PIC (Polymorphism information contents) for each polymorphic primer varied from 0.35 to 0.86 with an average of 0.74. PIC of the HR wheat varieties were an average of 0.64 (0.31~0.81), of the R wheat varieties were an average of 0.69 (0.38~0.88), of the S wheat varieties were an average of 0.67 (0.40~0.80) and of the HS wheat varieties were an average of 0.67 (0.20~0.89).The mean genetic distance (GD) between 47 varieties was 0.71 varied from 0.40 to 0.95. The GD between HR variety was 0.66 varied from 0.40 to 0.95; The GD between R variety was 0.69 varied from 0.46 to 0.90; The GD between HS variety was 0.68 varied from 0.41 to 0.90. Based on 0.74 of GD, 47 varieties were clustered into six groups. The relationship between morphological and SSR based distance was significant and positive(r=0.76,P<0.05) by Mental test. Resistant insect wheat variety Jinmai 65 was a group itself. It was explained that there was a further genetic relationship between Jinmai 65 and other variety, and Jinmai 65 can be used to resistant insect parent and promoted in production.