缓/控释肥在烟草上的应用与展望

为推动缓/控释肥料在烟草生产中的应用，实现烟草简化栽培生产，提高品质，笔者总结了已报道的有关缓/控释肥料研究与应用的文献资料。在介绍缓/控释肥料概念、种类和特性的基础上，概述了缓/控释肥料在烟草上的效应研究，结果表明：缓/控释肥料能够促进烟草生长发育；增强抗逆性；提高烟叶钾含量；促进烤后烟叶化学成分的协调；提升外观和感官质量；提高肥料利用率和经济指标，降低生产成本，增加收入。最后提出了缓/控释肥料在烟叶生产应用中的研究存在单一且不系统等问题，缓/控释肥生产及其产业化缺乏标准、钾肥的缓/控释难度大、包膜的材料成本高且易污染环境。对缓/控释肥料的应用前景进行了展望，应当制定符合中国实际情况的缓/控释肥料的制造标准和在线质量控制标准，研制生产出廉价、无污染又能对钾肥有缓释或控释效果的新型材料是今后烟草专用缓/控释肥研究的重点和难点工作。

Application and Prospect of Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizers in Flue-cured Tobacco

In this paper, in order to promoting slow/controlled release fertilizers （SRFs） applying to tobacco production, achieve flue-cured tobacco simplified cultivation production and improve quality of tobacco, the research and application literatures of SRFs were summarized that were published. Firstly, the SRFs concept, types and characteristics were introduced, and then the effects of SRFs in tobacco production were summarized, the results showed that, the SRFs could promote the growth and development of tobacco, enhance resistance and increase the potassium content of tobacco leaf. At the same time, the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves is promoted coordinating, the appearance and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves was improved and the utilization rate of fertilizer and economic indicators were improved. As a result, the production cost was reduced and the income was increased. In the end of paper, the problem about slow/ controlled release fertilizers research in tobacco production was single and not system. The production and industrialization of slow/controlled release fertilizers was lack of standard. Potash fertilizer was difficulty to release slowly. The material which used to envelope was cost high and easy to pollute the environment. The slow/controlled release fertilizers application prospect was given in this paper. The manufacturing standards and quality control standards which conform to China＇ s actual situation should be made. The new material which was cheap, no pollution and suitable for coated potash fertilizer was the difficulty future work for slow/ controlled release fertilizers in tobacco research.