牛磺酸、晶体氨基酸对大菱鲆摄食、生长和饲料利用率的影响

为了研究大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximums L.)在饲料中添加牛磺酸、晶体氨基酸对其生长、消化酶和饲料效率的影响。以初始平均体重为(16.47±0.01) g的大菱鲆为实验对象，进行为期10周的摄食生长实验，共制作4种饲料，以鱼粉为主要蛋白源配制成对照饲料；用花生粕、玉米蛋白粉、豆粕、小麦蛋白粉替代30％的鱼粉配制成植物蛋白源替代饲料，在此基础上分别添加1.0%的牛磺酸和1.9%的复合晶体氨基酸配制成添加牛磺酸和晶体氨基酸饲料。结果表明：与对照组相比，用复合植物蛋白源取代饲料中30%的鱼粉会显著降低大菱鲆的摄食率、特定生长率、饲料效率、鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分含量、肥满度指数和肠胰蛋白酶活力(P<0.05)；与不添加牛磺酸和晶体氨基酸的植物蛋白源替代组相比较，添加1.0%的牛磺酸显著提高鱼的摄食率、特定生长率、鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和消化酶活力(P<0.05)，添加1.9%的复合晶体氨基酸显著提高鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和肠胰蛋白酶活力(P<0.05)。在植物蛋白源替代部分鱼粉的饲料中添加1.0%的牛磺酸和1.9%的晶体氨基酸能促进大菱鲆的摄食和生长。

Effects of Taurine and Compound Crystalline Amino Acid on Feed Intake, Growth and Feed Utilization of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

A 10-weeks study was conducted to examine the effects of taurine, compound crystalhne amino acid （CCAA） in diet containing vegetable protein （CVP） on growth, digestive enzyme and feed efficiency ratio of Turbot （Scophthalmus maximus L.）. Four diets were formulated. The control diet contained 69.0% fish meal （FM）, in which 30% FM was replaced by CVP in the CVP diets respectively added of 0, 1.0% taurine and 1.9% CCAA. The resuhs showed that： at the end of the feeding trial, the feed intake （FI）, specific growth rate （SGR）, feed efficiency ratio （FER）, crude protein, crude lipid, ash of whole-body, condition factor and activity of trypsin in intestine of fish fed the CVP diet without taurine and CCAA were significantly lower than those in control （P〈0.05）. Comparing with the CVP diet without taurine and CCAA, the fish fed the CVP diet supplemented 1.0% taurine showed significantly higher FI, SGR＇ crude protein, crude lipid of whole-body and digestive enzyme activities （P〈0.05）, and the fish fed the CVP diet supplemented 1.9% CCAA showed significantly higher crude protein, crude lipid of whole-body and activity of trypsin in intestine. Supplementing 1.0% taurine or 1.9% CCAA to the diet could increase growth and feed efficiency of fish.