基因克隆策略在抗稻瘟病基因分离中的应用

稻瘟病是限制水稻生产的主要病害之一，不断分离克隆抗性基因并通过现代生物技术培育抗病水稻新品种是防治该病最经济有效的途径。介绍了当前4种主要的基因克隆即转座子标签法、图位克隆法、电子克隆法和电子图位克隆法的原理和操作流程，并概述了已克隆的19个稻瘟病抗性基因的克隆途径，分别举例介绍了抗稻瘟病基因图位克隆策略、电子图位克隆策略和转座子标签法克隆策略的主要流程。结合研究实践，提出稻瘟病基因的克隆要在不断通过对抗病基因结构和功能深入了解的基础上，灵活选择不同基因分离策略，发挥多种克隆策略的长处。

Applications of Gene Cloning Strategies in the Rice Blast Resistance Gene Cloning

Rice blast, caused by Magnaportbe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases that limits rice production worldwide. Use of blast resistance genes is considered as the most economical and environment-friendly method to control the rice blast disease. In this paper, we discussed the principles and procedures of four major gene cloning technologies, which included transposon tagging, map-based cloning, in silico cloning and in silico map-based cloning. The cloning approaches for the 19 resistance genes to M. oryzae were summarized. The widely-used three cloning strategies were discussed in details with examples. To efficiently clone a tagged resistance gene, we should first decide the cloning strategy according to the origin and chromosomal location of the gene and availability of mapping populations and also combine different strategies if needed.